NHA CCMA Anatomy & Physiology 2.0 Lesson Quizzes

which of the following terms describes the study of how the body functions?

physiology

in which of the following systems do the spinal column and the blood vessels belong?

skeletal and cardiovascular systems

which of the following body systems includes the brain, spinal cord, and nerves, thus controlling and coordinating body activities?

nervous system

which of the following is the scientific study of body structure?

anatomy

which of the following correctly lists the levels of organization from simplest to most complex?

cells → tissues → organs → systems → organism

which of the following components of a negative feedback loop gathers information about a specific variable?

sensor

which of the following is the main method the body uses to maintain homeostasis?

negative feedback

in the feedback loop controlling blood glucose, which of the following organs acts as both sensor and control center?

pancreas

which of the following terms describes the body’s ability to maintain internal balance despite changing environmental conditions?

homeostasis

in which of the following locations is intracellular fluid located?

inside body cells

which of the following terms describes a body part farther from the point of attachment of a limb to the trunk?

distal

the nose is located medial to the eyes. which of the following is the meaning of the term “medial?”

toward the midline of the body

which of the following sections is defined as a cut made parallel to the long axis of an organ, such as slicing a banana from tip to tip?

longitudinal section

in the anatomic position, which of the following directional terms describes a structure located above another?

superior

which of the following types of planes divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) sections?

frontal plane

which of the following cavities is located below the diaphragm and contains the stomach, liver, and spleen?

abdominal cavity

which of the following cavities contains the heart and lungs?

thoracic cavity

which of the following is the most inferior midline region of the abdomen called?

hypogastric region

which of the following cavities houses the brain?

cranial cavity

which of the following identifies where the right iliac (inguinal) region of the abdomen is located?

inferior and lateral to the umbilical region

in medical terminology, which of the following is the main part of a word that contains its fundamental meaning?

root

which of the following is true about prefixes and suffixes?

both a prefix and a suffix modify the root, but prefixes come before and suffixes come after the root

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which of the following identifies the charge for each of the three main subatomic particles in an atom?

protons (+), neutrons (0), electrons (-)

which of the following is the number of electrons in a neutral atom with 12 protons?

12

which of the following identifies the four elements that make up about 96% of the human body’s weight and describes their importance?

oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen: they are the foundation of the body’s structure and function

which of the following does the atomic number of an atom represent?

the number of protons in the nucleus

which of the following identifies the smallest complete unit of matter and the reason it is considered so fundamental?

atom: it is the basic building block of matter

which of the following identifies the type of bond formed when electrons are transferred from one atom to another and provides an example of that kind of bond?

ionic bond, which is exemplified by sodium and chlorine in table salt

which of the following describes the difference between a cation and an anion?

a cation is positively charged while an anion is negatively charged

which of the following describes the role of sodium and potassium ions in the body?

they regulate fluid balance and help transmit nerve signals

which of the following explains why sodium chloride (NaCl) is considered a compound but not a molecule?

NaCl is a compound of two elements but not a molecule because it has ionic bonds

which of the following explains how ionic bonds differ from covalent bonds in terms of electron behavior?

ionic bonds involve electron transfer and covalent bonds involve electron sharing

the stability of water as a liquid at ordinary temperatures is essential for life for which of the following reasons?

it provides a consistent environment and helps regulate body temperature

which of the following best explains the reason salt water is considered a solution?

salt dissolves completely in water, forming a homogeneous mixture

which of the following explains how a colloid differs from a suspension?

particles remain evenly distributed due to their size and charges in colloids

which of the following explains why water is called the universal solvent?

it can dissolve many different substances in large amounts

which of the following types of mixture is blood plasma with red blood cells suspended in it?

suspension

which of the following is produced when an acid reacts with a base?

water and a salt

which of the following describes a solution with a pH of 3?

acidic

which of the following conditions is indicated by a blood pH of 7.28?

acidosis

which of the following substances releases hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water?

acids

which of the following describes why buffers are important in the human body?

they prevent sharp changes in pH

which of the following naturally occurring elements is radioactive?

uranium

radiation therapy is primarily used in medicine to treat which of the following conditions?

cancer

which of the following characteristics makes an isotope radioactive?

a nucleus that falls apart and emits particles or rays

which of the following terms identifies radioactive elements that are introduced into the body to detect abnormalities?

tracers

which of the following defines isotopes?

isotopes are atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons

which of the following types of monomers make up proteins?

amino acids

which of the following organic compounds is responsible for storing and tramistting genetic information?

nucleic acids

which of the following is the building block of carbohydrates?

monosaccharides

which of the following is an example of a lipid?

cholesterol

which of the following elements forms the backbone of all organic compounds?

carbon

which of the following describes all the life-sustaining chemical reactions that occur in the body?

metabolism

which of the following is a conversion of chemical energy into kinetic energy inside the human body?

adenosine triphosphate (ATP) breaking down to power muscle movement

which of the following types of metabolic reactions breaks down complex substances into simpler components and releases energy?

catabolism

which of the following describes what happens to simple substances during anabolism?

they are used to build complex molecules needed for growth and repair

which of the following types of energy is stored in chemical bonds and can be converted into kinetic energy?

potential energy

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which of the following provides a three-dimensional (3D) view of a cell’s surface?

scanning electron microscope (SEM)

which of the following is usually required before cells and tissues can be examined under a light microscope?

they must be stained with dyes

which of the following terms describes the study of cells?

cytology

which of the following can magnify an image up to 1,000,000 times?

transmission electron microscope (TEM)

which of the following is the standard metric unit of microscope measurement?

micrometer

the plasma membrane is primarily composed of which of the following?

phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins

which of the following types of plasma membrane protein is responsible for allowing ions to pass through pores in the membrane?

channels

which of the following organelles is described as the “power plant” of the cell because it produces adenosine triphosphate (ATP?)

mitochondria

which of the following structures increases the surface area of the plasma membrane for absorption?

microvilli

for which of the following functions is the nucleolus primarily responsible?

assembling ribosomes

which of the following is an example of vesicular transport moving material out of the cell?

exocytosis

which of the following statements best describes the plasma membrane?

it is selectively permeable, allowing certain substances to pass

which of the following transport mechanisms requires adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to move solutes against their concentration gradient?

active transport

which of the following processes describes the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration?

osmosis

a red blood cell placed in a hypertonic solution reacts in which of the following ways?

it swells and may burst due to hemolysis

which of the following types of RNA carries amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis?

transfer RNA (tRNA)

during transcription, which of the following is formed asa a complementary copy of DNA

messenger RNA (mRNA)

which of the following statements best describes the function of DNA in the cell?

DNA makes up the hereditary units that code for proteins

which of the following pairings of nitrogen bases is contained in DNA?

adenine–thymine; guanine–cytosine

which of the following nitrogenous bases is unique to RNA?

uracil (U)

which of the following best describes the process of meiosis?

meiosis produces sex cells with half the normal number of chromosomes

if a human somatic cell with 46 chromosomes undergoes mitosis, how many chromosomes will each daughter cell contain?

46

which of the following occurs during interphase in preparation for mitosis?

DNA replicates to form two identical double helices

in which of the following stages of mitosis do the chromosomes line up across the center (equator) of the cell?

metaphase

which of the following correctly describes a stage of mitosis?

during telophase, the plasma membrane pinches, forming two new cells

which of the following is the genetically programmed “cellular suicide” process that removes worn out or damaged cells?

apoptosis

which of the following substances can damage cells if not destroyed?

free radicals

which of the following explains why a bone fracture typically heals more slowly in an older adult than in a young adult?

stem cells divide less frequently and mature cells become less active

which of the following evidence supports the theory that cells are preprogrammed to divide only a certain number of times?

cells from younger individuals divide more times in the lab than those from older individuals

which of the following explains how apoptosis differs from other forms of cell death?

it is orderly, genetically programmed, and prevents damage to neighboring cells

which of the following infectious agents is associated with an increased risk of stomach cancer?

helicobacter pylori

which of the following can happen if mutations in a cell’s genetic material cause it to reproduce without control?

the cell may form cancer and spread to other tissues

which of the following is classified as a carcinogen?

alcohol

which of the following cancer risk factors is linked to ultraviolet (UV) rays from the sun or tanning beds?

radiation

which of the following types of cells are most likely to become cancerous due to their high rate of division?

epithelial stem cells

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which of the following best describes embryonic stem (ES) cells?

they have the greatest potential for multiplication

which of the following organs demonstrates a strong ability to regenerate due to its stem cel population?

liver

which of the following tissue groups is responsible for conducting nerve impulses?

nervous tissue

which of the following statements connects a tissue group with its primary function?

connective tissue provides support and framework

which of the following types of tissue is most capable of self-repair due to its large population of stem cells?

skin and digestive tract lining