chapter 9 - Joints

Joints

Where two bones come together.

Synarthrosis

A joint with no movement.

Amphiarthrosis

A joint that allows slight movement.

Diarthrosis

A joint that is freely moveable.

Structural Classification of Joints

Based on type of tissue between the bones: Fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial.

Functional Classification of Joints

Based on the amount of movement: Synarthrosis, Amphiarthrosis, Diarthrosis.

Fibrous Joints

Joints made of collagen fibers; includes sutures, gomphosis, syndesmosis.

Cartilaginous Joints

Joints connected by cartilage; examples include symphyses and intervertebral discs.

Synovial Fluid

Fluid secreted by the synovial membrane; reduces friction between bones.

Bursa

A membrane-bound pocket filled with synovial fluid that reduces friction.

Diarthrotic Joints

Joints that are always synovial and freely movable.

Gliding Joint

A joint allowing slight non-axial or multi-axial movement between flat surfaces.

Hinge Joint

A joint permitting angular motion in a single plane, allowing flexion and extension.

Ball and Socket Joint

A joint allowing triaxial movement including flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and rotation.

Pivot Joint

A joint allowing mono-axial rotation.

Sprain

When ligaments at joints stretch and some collagen fibers are torn.

Dislocation

When the articulating surfaces of a joint are forced out of place.