Federalism and Constitutional Powers: Key Terms and Examples

Federalism

A system of government in which power is divided between a national (federal) government and various state governments. Each level has its own responsibilities.

Delegated Powers

Powers specifically granted to the federal government by the Constitution. These include expressed, implied, and inherent powers.

Reserved Powers

Powers that are not granted to the federal government nor prohibited to the states; therefore, they are reserved to the states.

Exclusive Powers

Powers that are only held by the federal government and cannot be exercised by the states under any circumstance.

Concurrent Powers

Powers that are shared by both the federal and state governments.

Grants-in-Aid Programs

Federal funds given to states or local governments to help them finance programs; often come with conditions or requirements.

Revenue Sharing

A former federal program in which federal tax revenues were shared with state and local governments with minimal restrictions.

Full Faith and Credit Clause

Requires each state to recognize the public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of other states.

Extradition

The legal process where one state returns a person accused or convicted of a crime to the state where the crime was committed.

Privileges and Immunities Clause

Prevents a state from treating citizens of other states in a discriminatory manner.