Psychology of Personality

These flashcards cover key terms and concepts from personality psychology, focusing on theories from Freud, Jung, and Adler, as well as key constructs related to personality assessment.

What defines personality?

A unique, consistent pattern of thinking, feeling, and behaving.

What are the influences on personality?

Heredity, environment, learning, social, and cultural factors.

What is the difference between validity and reliability in tests?

Validity refers to accuracy while reliability refers to consistency.

What are the two contrasting cultural perspectives in personality?

Individualism and collectivism.

What does a projective test measure?

It measures personality by presenting ambiguous stimuli.

What does reliability indicate about a test?

Reliability describes how consistent a test's results are.

What does the persona archetype represent according to Jung?

The social mask we show to others.

What is Jung's term for achieving wholeness and balance?

Individuation.

What do dreams express according to Jung?

Dreams often express repressed wishes and archetypes.

What type of personality does a person who focuses inward on ideas and feelings have?

Introverted.

What are the two types of instincts described by Freud?

Eros (life instincts) and Thanatos (death instincts).

What is reality anxiety?

Fear of real dangers.

What is neurotic anxiety?

Fear of id impulses getting out of control.

What does the unconscious motivate?

It motivates behavior even when we're unaware of it.

According to Freud, what drives most behavior?

Unconscious instincts, especially sexual and aggressive drives.

What two components control urges according to Freud?

The ego and the superego.

What drives personality development according to Freud?

Inner conflicts rooted in early childhood experiences.

How does Jung's view of the unconscious differ from Freud's?

Jung emphasized conscious goals and spiritual growth rather than just unconscious sexual urges.

What is Adler's source of motivation for personality?

Striving for superiority and social interest.

How do Freud, Jung, and Adler differ in their views on human motivation?

Freud emphasizes unconscious biological drives, Jung focuses on psychological integration, and Adler on conscious goals and social purpose.