Religion Winter Exam

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53 Terms

1

Acts of the Apostles

The book of the New Testament that tells the story of the early Christian community

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2

Theophilus

The name given to the audience of the Gospel of Luke and the Acts of the Apostles; it means "lover of God" or "God fearer."

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3

Martyr

A person who is killed because of their religious or other beliefs

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4

Pentecost

The feast commemorating the descent of the Holy Spirit upon the apostles, occurring fifty days after Easter.

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5

St. Stephen Peter

The first Christian martyr, stoned to death for his faith and preaching.

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6

Ekklesia

A term used in the New Testament to refer to the assembly or congregation of believers in Christ, often translated as "church."

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7

Canon

A collection of texts or books accepted as genuine and authoritative in a particular religious tradition.

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8

St. Paul

A key figure in the early Christian church, known for his missionary journeys and letters, which form a significant part of the New Testament.

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9

Paul's Missionary Method

A strategy employed by St. Paul to spread Christianity, involving establishing churches, preaching to both Jews and Gentiles, and utilizing local leaders.

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10

Thessalonians

Paul wrote 2 letters to this church concerning the 2nd coming of Jesus

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11

Galatians

Justification by faith alone

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12

Universality

The ability to be applied to everyone in every situation

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13

St. Paul's Conversion

Saul changing his name to Paul

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14

Grassroots

people or society at a local level rather than at the center of major political activity

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15

One

Christian Church is considered to be "one", meaning it is a single, unified body established by Jesus Christ

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16

Holy

The Church is holy because the Church lives in union with Jesus, source of holiness

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17

Catholic

The Church is for all baptized, as she brings Christ to all human beings

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18

Apostolic

The Church traces its traditions directly from the Apostles, thus, the Church is apostolic.

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19

1st Council of Jerusalem

The council decided that Gentile converts to Christianity were not obligated to keep most of the rules prescribed to the Jews by the Mosaic Law,

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20

1st Council of Nicaea

Declared Jesus was divine, declared date for Easter and gave us a creed.

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21

1st Council of Constantinople

How can Jesus unite both his divine and human nature?

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22

Council of Chalcedon

Jesus is both fully human/divine, Mary is considered Theotokos

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23

Nicaean Creed

The Nicene Creed is a Christian statement of faith

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24

Four Marks of the Church

One, Holy, Catholic, Apostolic

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25

Canonization

The Church's official process by which she declares someone a saint.

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26

Easter Letter from Athanasius

the canon of the Bible and was written to end disputes over certain texts

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27

The Great Schism

the official split between the Roman Catholic and Byzantine churches that occurred in 1054

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28

Iconodules

one who supports the veneration of icons

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29

Iconoclasts

people who opposed the use of icons in worship

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30

East Vs. West

Eastern Orthodox Church supported banned the use of icons while the western pope supported them. The western pope excommunicated the emperor.

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31

Hierarchy

a system or organization in which people or groups are ranked one above the other according to status or authority.

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32

Patriarchy

A form of social organization in which males dominate females

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33

Icon

A representation of a religious subject, usually included in worship.

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34

Filoque Controversy

The dispute over the insertion of the phrase "and the Son" in the Nicene Creed

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35

Excommunicated

To declare that a person or group no longer belongs to a church

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36

Apostolic Authority

The authority of the apostles, as leaders of the early Church, that is passed on to the bishops.

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37

Major Holidays

Christmas and Easter

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38

Crusades

A series of holy wars from 1096-1270 AD undertaken by European Christians to free the Holy Land from Muslim rule.

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39

Renaissance

Rebirth or Revival

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40

Simony

The selling of church offices

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41

Nepotism

favoritism shown to family or friends by those in power, especially in business or hiring practices

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42

Absenteeism

the failure to show up for work

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43

Pluralism

A theory of government that holds that open, multiple, and competing groups can check the asserted power by any one group.

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44

Printing Press

A mechanical device for transferring text or graphics from a woodblock or type to paper using ink. Presses using movable type first appeared in Europe in about 1450.

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45

John Wycliffe

translated the Bible into English

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46

Jan Hus

The leader of the Czech religious reforms, and the spiritual founder of the Protestant reformation in the 1500's. He was convicted by the Council of Constance for heresy.

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47

Erasumus

founder of humanist theory of education- catholic priest

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48

Martin Luther

95 Thesis, posted in 1517, led to religious reform in Germany, denied papal power and absolutist rule. Claimed there were only 2 sacraments: baptism and communion.

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49

King Henry VIII

Started the Anglican Church because he wasn't granted a divorce. Was excommunicated by the Pope.

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50

John Calvin

religious reformer who believed in predestination and a strict sense of morality for society

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51

Lutheranism

the religious doctrine that Martin Luther developed; it differed from Catholicism in the doctrine of salvation, which Luther believed could be achieved by faith alone, not by good works; Lutheranism was the first Protestant faith

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52

Anglicanism

A Protestant denomination of the Christian faith founded by Henry VIII in England

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53

Calvinism

A body of religious teachings based on the ideas of the reformer John Calvin.

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