Religion Winter Exam

Acts of the Apostles

The book of the New Testament that tells the story of the early Christian community

Theophilus

The name given to the audience of the Gospel of Luke and the Acts of the Apostles; it means "lover of God" or "God fearer."

Martyr

A person who is killed because of their religious or other beliefs

Pentecost

The feast commemorating the descent of the Holy Spirit upon the apostles, occurring fifty days after Easter.

St. Stephen Peter

The first Christian martyr, stoned to death for his faith and preaching.

Ekklesia

A term used in the New Testament to refer to the assembly or congregation of believers in Christ, often translated as "church."

Canon

A collection of texts or books accepted as genuine and authoritative in a particular religious tradition.

St. Paul

A key figure in the early Christian church, known for his missionary journeys and letters, which form a significant part of the New Testament.

Paul's Missionary Method

A strategy employed by St. Paul to spread Christianity, involving establishing churches, preaching to both Jews and Gentiles, and utilizing local leaders.

Thessalonians

Paul wrote 2 letters to this church concerning the 2nd coming of Jesus

Galatians

Justification by faith alone

Universality

The ability to be applied to everyone in every situation

St. Paul's Conversion

Saul changing his name to Paul

Grassroots

people or society at a local level rather than at the center of major political activity

One

Christian Church is considered to be "one", meaning it is a single, unified body established by Jesus Christ

Holy

The Church is holy because the Church lives in union with Jesus, source of holiness

Catholic

The Church is for all baptized, as she brings Christ to all human beings

Apostolic

The Church traces its traditions directly from the Apostles, thus, the Church is apostolic.

1st Council of Jerusalem

The council decided that Gentile converts to Christianity were not obligated to keep most of the rules prescribed to the Jews by the Mosaic Law,

1st Council of Nicaea

Declared Jesus was divine, declared date for Easter and gave us a creed.

1st Council of Constantinople

How can Jesus unite both his divine and human nature?

Council of Chalcedon

Jesus is both fully human/divine, Mary is considered Theotokos

Nicaean Creed

The Nicene Creed is a Christian statement of faith

Four Marks of the Church

One, Holy, Catholic, Apostolic

Canonization

The Church's official process by which she declares someone a saint.

Easter Letter from Athanasius

the canon of the Bible and was written to end disputes over certain texts

The Great Schism

the official split between the Roman Catholic and Byzantine churches that occurred in 1054

Iconodules

one who supports the veneration of icons

Iconoclasts

people who opposed the use of icons in worship

East Vs. West

Eastern Orthodox Church supported banned the use of icons while the western pope supported them. The western pope excommunicated the emperor.

Hierarchy

a system or organization in which people or groups are ranked one above the other according to status or authority.

Patriarchy

A form of social organization in which males dominate females

Icon

A representation of a religious subject, usually included in worship.

Filoque Controversy

The dispute over the insertion of the phrase "and the Son" in the Nicene Creed

Excommunicated

To declare that a person or group no longer belongs to a church

Apostolic Authority

The authority of the apostles, as leaders of the early Church, that is passed on to the bishops.

Major Holidays

Christmas and Easter

Crusades

A series of holy wars from 1096-1270 AD undertaken by European Christians to free the Holy Land from Muslim rule.

Renaissance

Rebirth or Revival

Simony

The selling of church offices

Nepotism

favoritism shown to family or friends by those in power, especially in business or hiring practices

Absenteeism

the failure to show up for work

Pluralism

A theory of government that holds that open, multiple, and competing groups can check the asserted power by any one group.

Printing Press

A mechanical device for transferring text or graphics from a woodblock or type to paper using ink. Presses using movable type first appeared in Europe in about 1450.

John Wycliffe

translated the Bible into English

Jan Hus

The leader of the Czech religious reforms, and the spiritual founder of the Protestant reformation in the 1500's. He was convicted by the Council of Constance for heresy.

Erasumus

founder of humanist theory of education- catholic priest

Martin Luther

95 Thesis, posted in 1517, led to religious reform in Germany, denied papal power and absolutist rule. Claimed there were only 2 sacraments: baptism and communion.

King Henry VIII

Started the Anglican Church because he wasn't granted a divorce. Was excommunicated by the Pope.

John Calvin

religious reformer who believed in predestination and a strict sense of morality for society

Lutheranism

the religious doctrine that Martin Luther developed; it differed from Catholicism in the doctrine of salvation, which Luther believed could be achieved by faith alone, not by good works; Lutheranism was the first Protestant faith

Anglicanism

A Protestant denomination of the Christian faith founded by Henry VIII in England

Calvinism

A body of religious teachings based on the ideas of the reformer John Calvin.