test for organic compounds containing oxygen

wjec a level chemistry

test for primary and secondary alcohols

acidified potassium dichromate

colour change orange to green

acidified potassium manganate

colour change purple to brown

test for carboxylic acid

add sodium carbonate

bubbles of gas released

test for aldehyde

add 2,4 DNP

yellow/orange crystalline pt forms

add tollen’s reagent

silver mirror forms

add fehling’s reagent

brick red pt forms

test for ketone

2,4 DNP

yellow/orange crystalline pt forms

test for ester

no test but have sweet smells

test for amide

heat with sodium hydroxide

produces white pt and ammonia if positive

red litmus paper will turn blue in presence of ammonia

test for amino acid

add sodium carbonate

bubbles of gas released

or positive test for amides

test for phenol

add fecl3 solution

intense purple solution produced

add bromine water

white pt forms and colour change orange-brown to colourless

oxidation of primary alcohol

aldehyde

further oxidation to carboxylic acid with heat under reflux

oxidation of secondary alcohol

ketone

oxidation of tertiary alcohol

no oxidation

acidic hydrolysis of an ester

carboxylic acid + alcohol

basic hydrolysis of an ester

salt of acid + alcohol

difference between reflux and distillation

reflux is used to help complete chemical reactions

distillation is used to separate and purify components of a mixture based on their boiling points

nitrate solubility

all soluble

sulphate solubility

all soluble

except ag, pb, ba

ca is partially soluble

chloride, bromide, iodide solubility

all soluble

except ag, pb

hydroxide solubility

all insoluble

except compounds containing gp 1, NH4

ba and ca partially soluble

carbonate solubility

all insoluble

except compounds containing gp 1 and NH4

nh4+ reaction with excess naoh

nothing

al3+ reaction with excess naoh

pt redissolves

ba2+ reaction with excess naoh

nothing

zn2+ reaction with excess naoh

pt redissolves

nh4+ reaction with nh3

nothing

nh4+ reaction with excess nh3

nothing

ca2+ reaction with nh3 and excess nh3

nothing

zn2+ reaction with excess nh3

pt redissolves

li+ flame test colour

crimson red

co32- test

add dilute hcl

effervescence of co2 gas

turns limewater milky

so42- test

dilute hcl then bacl2

white ppt of baso4 forms

halogen test

add dilute hno3 then agno3

white ppt cl-

cream ppt br-

yelllow ppt i-

Agcl solubility in nh3

soluble

agbr solubility in nh3

partially soluble

agi solubility in nh3

insoluble