Unit 2 Notes Quiz Review Gower ths xie p1 honors chemistry

Density

m/v

specific gravity

object mass over water mass

how to measure irregular objects?

water displacement method

accurate vs precise

how close you are to acc value VS how consistent you are

observed

accepted value - your value

accepted value

(observed error) / actual value

J.J. Berzelius

credit for creating modern symbol of elements

Mixture

2 or more elements or compounds physically joined (sand + water)

Brass

Copper (cu) and Zinc (Zn)

bronze

Copper (cu) and Tin (Sn)

Compound

2+ elements chemically bonded to eachother (salt and water)

can elements be decomposed?

no elements cannot be decomposed

vertical collums are

groups/families

rows are

periods

Group 1

Alkaline Metals

Group 2

Alkaline earth metals

Group 17

Halogens

Group 18

Noble gases

HOMOgeneous mixture

evenly distributed, smooth mixtures

HETEROgeneous mixture

non uniform composition (like sand and water)

hardness

low number = soft

high number = hard

Hardest material on the MOH scale?

diamonds

methyl salicylate

a good smellign odor that smells like wintergreen

hydrogen sulfide

bad smelling odor rotten egg

what color is copper

blue/green

what color is barium

aqua blue

acidic stuff tastes

sour

bases taste like

soap

s, l, and g stand for

solid liquid and gas states

m.p, f.p, and b.p stand for

melting point, freezing point, and boiling point

malleability what is it

to be able to be shaped like gold

ductility

to be able to be stretched into a wire without breaking or snapping

conduction of heat means

it can conduct electricity

3 properties of metals

malleability, ductility, and conduction of heat

accidental physical properties

cannot be used to identify a substance:

examples are mass, volume, weight

chemical properties

describe the ability of a substance to form other substances

forms of energy

mechanical, heat, light, electrical and chemical

physical change:

composition of substances arent changed and the substances retains its identity

chemical change:

substance loses its identity, and the new substance for new chemical and physical properties

4 signs chemical change evidence

color, gas, turn into solid, and heat/temp change

Democritus

credit for the term atomos

Alchemy

first experimentations of chemistry even tho they were tryna turn lead into gold

John dalton

created atomic theory + law of multiple proportions

antoine lavoisier

Law of conservation of mass

J.J thomson

discovered the ELECTRON using cathode ray tube PLUM PUDDING

Rutherford

discovered the PROTON and atomic nucleus and the nuclear model of the atom using GOLD FOIL and made the PLANETARY MODEL

examples of physical change

melting boiling freezing cutting crushing

examples of chemical change

rusting photosynthesis burning oxidizing spoling

what happens during chemical change

substance looses its identity

what happens during physical change

composition of substance is not changed

law of constant proportions

compound always contains the same elements in the same proportions

law of multiple proportions

two elements can form multiple compounds and the ratio of the masses will remain consistant for each compound

who made law of constant proportions

joseph proust

who made law of multiple proportions

john dalton

robert millikan

discovered charge of electron through oil drop experiment

who discovered neutron

chadwick

who discovered proton

rutherford

who discovered electron

Thompson

what was the two names for JJ Thompsons models?

plum pudding model and raisin bun model

what model did Rutherford create?

planetary model

nucleon equals

proton plus neturon

angstrom equals

ten to the negative ten meters

atomic number is equal to the number of

protons

mass number equals number of _____ plus number of ______

protons neutrons

protium equals

hydrogen 1

deuterium equals

hydrogen 2

tritium equals

hydrogen 3

protons are

positive

neutrons have __ charge

no

henri becquerel

discovered radioactivity using photographic plates and uranium

EMR

electromagnetic radiation

Alpha

helium 4 drop 4 left 2

beta

electron right 1

gamma ray

0 nothing

radioactivity from strongest to weakest

gamma beta alpha

beta is _____ belt of stablity

above

electron is on ______ side during electron capture

reactants

positron emission is

electron emission left one

starting point of decay is ______ the rest are _______

mama daughters

most stable isotope

iron 56

if the ______ and _______ are equal they are most likely stable

proton neutron

fusion is on what side of the energy per nucleon vs atomic mass figure?

left

fission is on what side of the energy per nucleon vs atomic mass figure?

right

disadvantages of nuclear reactors

produce highly radioactive products like strontium 90 and iodine 131 which causes thyoid cancer.

what do control rods do in a power plant

absorb neutrons and slow nuclear reaction process

electrons are

negative

nuclear binding energy holds ______ and ________ together.

protons neutrons

mass number is represented by A and at the ___ of the isotope

top

atomic number is represented by Z and at the ______ of the isotope

bottom

isotopes are named by there ____ number

mass

isotopes have the same number of _____ different number of _____

protons neutrons

alpha can go through _____

paper

beta can go through ________

3 mm of Al

gamma can go through ______

3 mm of pb

electron capture is the _____ as positron

same left one

beta minus emits

electron

beta plus emits

positron

neutron particle equals

1 over 0

proton particle equals

1 over 1