Blood Supply to the Brain

when does a focal interruption of blood supply occur

when 1 or more blood vessels becomes occluded by artherosclerosis or a blood clot

when does irreversible CNS injury occur

if blood flow drops to less than 14mL/100 g/min and is sustained for more than several minutes

the CNS is a _ tissue

highly aerobic

blood flow rate is preodaminantly controlled by _

arteries and arterioles

oxygena and nutrient exchange occurs at _

capillaries

which vessel type is a common site of inflammation

venules

structure of endothelial cells in the blood brain barrier

continous non-fenestrated capillaries

thinner

high resistance tight junctions

mural cells structure

share basement membrane with endothelial cells

contain contractile proteins

brain has the highest _ coverage of any tissue

pericyte

astrocytes structure

foot processes that cover more than 99% of brain capillary surface

which part of the brain have fenestrated capillaries

3rd and 4th ventricles

mural cells are _

pericytes and vascular smooth muscle cells

astrocytes contain which transport protein

p-glycoprotein

p-glycoprotein function

transport protein capable of extruding a large range of compounds from the brain

astrocyte has an effective _

efflux pump system

unique properties of the blood brain barrier

1. specialized tight junctions

2. suppressed transcytosis

3. transporters

4. low expression of luminal ahdeasion molecules

what is neurovascular coupling

alterations in local perfusion that occur in response to changes in neuronal activity

arterioles in the brain adapt to _

changes in systemic BP (autoregulation)

anterior circulation of the brain is derived from _

internal carotid arteries and their branches

posterior circulation of the brain is derived from _

vertebral and basilar arteries

arteries involved in arterial circulation

internal carotid a

anterior cerebral a

middle cerebral a

+ their deep branches

internal carotid arises from _

brachiocephalic trunk on right

aorta on left

internal carotid a terminates as _

middle and anterior cerebral arteries

internal carotid a gives rise to _

ophthalmic and posterior communicating arteries

middle cerebral a supplies _

lateral aspects of cerebral hemisphere

middle cerebral a supplies which functional areas

motor

somatosensory

speech

anterior cerebral artery supplies _

medial aspect of cerebral hemisphere

anterior cerebral a supplies which funcitonal areas

prefrontal and motor areas

what connects anterior cerebral arteries

anterior communicating artery

anterior cerebral artery provides what specific motor area of the homonculus

legs

deep branches of ICA/MCA/ACA

lenticulostriates

anterior choroidal

lenticulostriate arteries supply

putamen + globus pallidus

caudate + putamen

(basal ganglia)

lenticulostriate arteries arise from _

middle cerebral artery

vertebral arteries join to form _

basilar artery

vertebral arteries give rise to _

anterior and posterior spinal arteries

posterior inferior cerebellar arteries

where do vertebral arteries join

at junction of pons and medulla -> basilar a

branches of the basilar artery

anterior inferior cerebellar arteries

labyrinthe a

paramedian pontine

superior cerebellar a

posterior cerebral a

deep branches

posterior inferior cerebellar a supplies _

posterior-inferior cerebellum

lateral medulla

anterior spinal a supplies

anterior 2/3 of spinal cord

posterior spinal artery supplies

posterior 1/3 of spinal cord

anterior inferior cerebellar arteries supply

anterior inferior cerebellum

parts of brainstem

labryinthine arteries supply

inner ear

paramedian pontine branch supplies

basal pons

superior cerebellar a supplies

superior cerebellum

posterior cerebral arteries supply

visual and olfactory areas

parts of the circle of willis

carotid arteries

posterior communicating artery

anterior cerebral a

posterior cerebral a

anterior communicating a

what connects posterior to anterior cerebral flow

posterior communicating a

what does the circle of willis connect

anterior and posterior circulations

right and left sided circulations

arterial supply of the spinal cord

anterior spinal a

posterior spinal a

radicular arteries

arterial supply of the spinal cord is derived from which artery

vertebral a

radicular arteries of the spinal cord derive from _

branches of thoracic and abdominal a

deoxygenated blood of the brain is returned by _

cerebral veins

Cerebral veins drain into

dural venous sinuses

path of venous drainage of the brain

cerebral veins

dural venous sinuses

superior saggital sinus

inferior saggital sinus

straight sinus

transverse sinus

internal jugular vein

venous drainage of the spinal cord

anterior/posterior spinal veins

radicular veins

veins of the spinal cord communicate with _

epidural venous plexus

types of hemmorhagic stroke

intracerebral

subarachnoid