Photosynthesis Test

Overall Photosynthesis Reaction

6CO₂ + 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂

What is the point of photosynthesis

Transfer light into chemical energy

Who participates in photosynthesis

Plants, Algae, Some bacteria

3 Main steps to Photosynthesis

1. Absorption of solar energy = Light reaction

2. Transformation of light energy into chemical energy as NADPH + ATP = Light Reaction

3. Storing Chemical energy as glucose sugar = Dark Reaction/Calvin Cycle

Stomata (found in leaves and some stems)

Tiny openings that allow gas exchange

Chloroplasts

Where photosynthesis takes place

Chlorophyll

What absorbs solar energy

Thylakoids

Membrane bound compartments inside chloroplasts that hold the Light reactions

Stroma

Fluid space inside the chloroplasts and between the thylakoids and grant, containing enzymes

Role of Photosystem II

• Absorb light energy

• Split water into Oxygen, Hydrogen ions, electrons

• Releases O2, high concentration of hydrogen as a result

Electron Transport Chain Role

• Transports Energized Electrons (plastoquinone and plastocyanin)

• Electrons attract hydrogen ions and lose (potential) energy as they are pulled

Photosystem I Role

• Electrons are re-energized

• 2 electrons and a hydrogen ion combine with NADP+ to create NADPH (for Calvin Cycle)

Ferrodoxin Role

Converts NADP+ to NADPH using H+ and e-

Chemiosmosis & ATP Synthase

Hydrogen travels down this opening to leave the thylakoid lumen and enter the stroma

Big Idea for Light reaction

Light energy is stored as chemical energy (NADPH and ATP)

Grana

Stack of thylakoids

3 Steps of Calvin Cycle

1. Carbon Fixation

2. Reduction

3. Regeneration

Carbon Fixation

• Carbon + RUBP Makes 6 Carbon Molecule using Rubisco

• 6 Carbon molecules break into two and make 3PGA

G3P Reduction

• Each 3PGA molecule gets a phosphate from ATP and 2 electrons from NADPH

• One G3P molecule is saved to make glucose, 5 are recycled

1. Photosystem II

2. Electron Transport Chain

3. Photosystem I

4. Thylakoids

5. H₂O

6. ADP

7. NADP+

8. glucose

9. G3P

10. stroma

11. rubisco

12. H₂O

13. Calvin Cycle

14. NADPH

15. ATP

16. CO₂

17. O₂

18. Energy from Sunlight

ATP

• Adenosine Triphosphate

• Stores energy in it’s phosphate bonds

• Made of Nitrogenous base and ribose (together adenosine)

• Also made of phosphate molecules

• ATP powers things that consume energy

  • Active transport

• Out of cell - inflammation, pain, shortage of oxygen, empty bladder