Table 4.1: Eukaryotic Structures in Animal and Plant Cells (Vocabulary)

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Vocabulary flashcards covering key structures listed in Table 4.1 for animal and plant cells.

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17 Terms

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<p>Cell wall</p>

Cell wall

Provides support and protection; contains cellulose fibrils.

<p>Provides support and protection; contains cellulose fibrils.</p>
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Plasma membrane

Phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins; regulates entry and exit of molecules.

<p>Phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins; regulates entry and exit of molecules.</p>
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Nucleus

Stores genetic information; enclosed by a nuclear envelope; site of DNA and RNA synthesis.

<p>Stores genetic information; enclosed by a nuclear envelope; site of DNA and RNA synthesis.</p>
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Nucleolus

Concentrated region within the nucleus where ribosome subunits are produced.

<p>Concentrated region within the nucleus where ribosome subunits are produced.</p>
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Ribosome

Protein and RNA complex that synthesizes proteins; composed of two subunits.

<p>Protein and RNA complex that synthesizes proteins; composed of two subunits.</p>
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Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

Membranous network of channels; site of protein and lipid synthesis; includes rough and smooth ER.

<p>Membranous network of channels; site of protein and lipid synthesis; includes rough and smooth ER.</p>
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Rough endoplasmic reticulum (Rough ER)

ER studded with ribosomes; synthesizes proteins destined for secretion or membranes.

<p>ER studded with ribosomes; synthesizes proteins destined for secretion or membranes.</p>
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Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (Smooth ER)

ER lacking ribosomes; synthesizes lipids and detoxifies certain substances.

<p>ER lacking ribosomes; synthesizes lipids and detoxifies certain substances.</p>
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Golgi apparatus

Processes, packages, and distributes proteins and lipids via vesicles.

<p>Processes, packages, and distributes proteins and lipids via vesicles.</p>
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Vesicle/vacuole

Membrane-bound sac that stores and transports substances.

<p>Membrane-bound sac that stores and transports substances.</p>
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Lysosome

Vesicle containing hydrolytic enzymes; digests macromolecules and cellular components.

<p>Vesicle containing hydrolytic enzymes; digests macromolecules and cellular components.</p>
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Peroxisome

Vesicle containing enzymes; breaks down fatty acids and detoxifies hydrogen peroxide.

<p>Vesicle containing enzymes; breaks down fatty acids and detoxifies hydrogen peroxide.</p>
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Mitochondrion

Produces energy (ATP) via cellular respiration; has a double membrane with cristae.

<p>Produces energy (ATP) via cellular respiration; has a double membrane with cristae.</p>
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Chloroplast

Site of photosynthesis; contains thylakoids; double membrane.

<p>Site of photosynthesis; contains thylakoids; double membrane.</p>
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Cytoskeleton

Network of microtubules, intermediate filaments, and actin filaments that maintains shape and supports movement.

<p>Network of microtubules, intermediate filaments, and actin filaments that maintains shape and supports movement.</p>
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Cilia and flagella

Hair-like structures that move the cell or surrounding substances; supported by microtubules.

<p>Hair-like structures that move the cell or surrounding substances; supported by microtubules.</p>
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Centrioles (centrosome)

Organize microtubules for cilia/flagella formation; centrosome organizes microtubules during cell division.

<p>Organize microtubules for cilia/flagella formation; centrosome organizes microtubules during cell division.</p>