Table 4.1: Eukaryotic Structures in Animal and Plant Cells (Vocabulary)

Vocabulary flashcards covering key structures listed in Table 4.1 for animal and plant cells.

Cell wall

Provides support and protection; contains cellulose fibrils.

Plasma membrane

Phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins; regulates entry and exit of molecules.

Nucleus

Stores genetic information; enclosed by a nuclear envelope; site of DNA and RNA synthesis.

Nucleolus

Concentrated region within the nucleus where ribosome subunits are produced.

Ribosome

Protein and RNA complex that synthesizes proteins; composed of two subunits.

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

Membranous network of channels; site of protein and lipid synthesis; includes rough and smooth ER.

Rough endoplasmic reticulum (Rough ER)

ER studded with ribosomes; synthesizes proteins destined for secretion or membranes.

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (Smooth ER)

ER lacking ribosomes; synthesizes lipids and detoxifies certain substances.

Golgi apparatus

Processes, packages, and distributes proteins and lipids via vesicles.

Vesicle/vacuole

Membrane-bound sac that stores and transports substances.

Lysosome

Vesicle containing hydrolytic enzymes; digests macromolecules and cellular components.

Peroxisome

Vesicle containing enzymes; breaks down fatty acids and detoxifies hydrogen peroxide.

Mitochondrion

Produces energy (ATP) via cellular respiration; has a double membrane with cristae.

Chloroplast

Site of photosynthesis; contains thylakoids; double membrane.

Cytoskeleton

Network of microtubules, intermediate filaments, and actin filaments that maintains shape and supports movement.

Cilia and flagella

Hair-like structures that move the cell or surrounding substances; supported by microtubules.

Centrioles (centrosome)

Organize microtubules for cilia/flagella formation; centrosome organizes microtubules during cell division.