Chapter 18: The Progressive Era (pt 2)

March 6th

types of people advocating for Progressivism

businessmen, labor activists, women, farmers, middle class, ministers

T/F: Most Progressives were independently wealthy.

False (some education, not much wealth)

Types of groups of Progressives

1. Socialists

2. American Federation of Labor

3. Institute of Workers of the World

4. New Feminists

5. Society of American Indians

leader of Socialist party and Pullman Strike

Eugene V. Debs

Ultimate goal of the Socialist party

A way for workers to access the means of production, a portion of the profit of what they’re making

3 specific goals of the Socialist party

democratic control of economy, free college education, legislation to improve workers’ lives

Most active group within Progressivism

The Socialist Party

Describe the American Federation of Labor

a craft union, represented white, skilled, native workers

Leader of the AFoL

Samuel Gompers

Describe the Industrial Workers of the World

Strikes for right to “bargain collectively”, not exclusive, dependent on solidarity (strength in numbers)

T/F: The IWW was more aggressive in its Progressive efforts than the AFoL.

True

Define “new feminism”

coined in 1914, women being individuals apart from their husbands/fathers; right to control reproduction (birth control)

“Mother of social work”, established Hull House for immigrants

Jane Addams

advocates for birth control

Emma Goldman and Margaret Sanger

Founder and leader of the Society of American Indians

Carlos Montezuma

Goals of the Society of American Indians

1. public attention to Natives

2. pan-Indian public space

3. self-determination

4. full citizenship and equal rights

17th Amendment

1917, now the public votes for Senators instead of state legislation

19th Amendment

women (largest increase in US history)

As democracy increases, these restrictions remain

laws for voter “fitness”, disfranchisement of blacks

Theodore “Teddy” Roosevelt

VP under McKinley, became president after assassination, “Square Deal” and Conservation Movement

Square Deal

-“good” and “bad” corporations
-broke up some corporations under Sherman’s Antitrust Act
-strengthened ICC, established Pure Food and Drug Act

Corporation Teddy Roosevelt and the Square Deal targeted

J.P. Morgan (railroad)

Conservation Movement

Preservation of forests made a national policy of government, restriction on big business economy

First national park

Yellowstone

William Howard Taft

endorsed by Roosevelt at first, prosecuted all corporations under Sherman Anti-Trust Act

16th Amendment

graduated income tax

Bull Moose Party

New Progressive Party created by Roosevelt after Taft’s presidency

Describe election of 1912

4 way race for office: Taft (Rep), Roosevelt (Prog), Wilson (Dem), Debs (Socialist)

Results of 1912 election

6% socialist, Republican party split, Wilson won

Wilson’s domestic program

“New Freedom”

Wilson’s Rhetoric for New Freedom

To encourage economic growth without expanding the role of government

Wilson was the 1st president to…

hold press conferences and public address on the state of the union

Emphases of Wilson

higher income tax, protections for unions and 8 hr workdays

2 Ways Wilson expanded the Role of Government

Federal Reserve System and Federal Trade Commission

Federal Reserve System

controlled currency and established 12 regional banks; going interest rate

Federal Trade Commission

investigate “unfair” business practices