DEGENERATIVE, NEUROGENIC, ETC

achalasia

distal esophagus is often described as having a beaked appearance

achalasia

Condition

• neuromuscular abnormality of the esophagus that results in failure of the lower esophageal sphincter of the distal esophagus to relax, leading to dysphagia.

esophageal diverticula

Condition

• a pouch or sac of variable size that occurs normally or is created by herniation of a mucous membrane through a defect in its muscular coats.

Pulsion diverticulum

involves involves only the mucosa and results from a motility disorder of the esophagus that allows the mucosa to herniate outward.

Zenker diverticulum

is a pulsion type found at the pharyngoesophageal junction at the upper end of the esophagus on the posterior aspect just above the cricopharyngeal muscle.

Epiphrenic diverticulum

is another pulsion type, but it is found in the distal esophagus just above the hemidiaphragm.

Traction Diverticulum

involves all layers of the esophagus and results from adjacent scar tissue that pulls the esophagus toward the area of involvement.

Diverticulosis

the presence of diverticula without inflammation, is seen in all parts of the colon, most frequently in the sigmoid colon and partially among adults over the age of 40 years.

leiomyomas

TUMORS OF THE ESOPHAGUS

Condition

• Benign tumors could occur anywhere in the esophagus, tumor of the lower thirds is the most common. Benign tumors are almost always (blank).

Colonic Polyps

small masses of tissue arising from the bowel wall to project into the lumen

Adenomatous polyp

a tumor of benign neoplastic epithelium that may undergo dysplastic epithelium to become malignant

adenocarcinoma

napkin-ring carcinoma or apple-core lesions