Ch 13 Failure of Reconstruction

Lt Gov P B S Pinchback

Served as Governor of Louisiana for one month

Blanche K Bruce and Hiram Revels

Represented Mississippi in U S Senate

Joseph Rainey

Served with 14 others in U S House of Representatives

The Gibbs Brothers

Free Black men who served in various political positions during Reconstruction

The Rollins Sisters

Free Black women who influenced politics in South Carolina during Reconstruction

Constitutional Convention

Black men elected to represent their states in conventions to create new state constitutions

13th Amendment

Abolished slavery

14th Amendment

Gave citizenship to African Americans

15th Amendment

No person can denied vote because of race, color or previous servitude. Gave vote to Black men

Suffrage/Franchisement

The right to vote

Carpetbaggers

White Northerners who went South to participate in Reconstruction Governments

Scalawags

White S mostly farmers in devastated upland regions of the S who hoped four economic relief from Republican government

Morrill Land Grant

provided States with funds for Agricultural and Mechanical (A&M) Colleges

Alcorn A & M

1st State supported HBCU

Integration

Opening facilities that were traditionally for Whites to African Americans

"Stay Laws"

enacted to protect land and property of small farmers for nonpayment of debts

White Supremacy

the belief that White people are superior to those of all other races

Redemption

Return the South to the way is was before the Civil War; Use of violence against Black people (and White allies) to intimidate and deny rights

Ku Klux Klan

Founded by former Confederate to intimidate Black people and keep them from voting or being involved in political process

KKK Tactics

Threats, intimidation, violence, beatings, rapes, murder, lynching

Effects of KKK Tactics

Reduced Black support for Republican Party and helped eliminate leaders

Lynching

Death by hanging or burning of Black people to evoke fear and make an example of Black people who got out of their place

Enforcement Act 1870

Outlawed disguises/masks and protected civil rights of citizens

Enforcement Act of 1871 (KKK Act)

Nade it a federal offense to interfere with an individual's right to vote, hold office, serve on jury or enjoy equal protection of the law

Panic of 1873

Financial crisis that resulted in failed businesses and financial institutions and increased unemployment

Freedmen's Bank

Bank that failed in 1874 causing Black people to lose almost a million dollars in deposits

Civil Rights Act of 1875

To open public accommodations regardless of race in

Schools, churches, cemeteries, hotels & transportation; No ban on schools, churches or cemeteries

Dred Scott

AA could not sue in court; AA had no rights that White man bound to respect; Scott not free but property regardless of where he had lived

Shotgun Policy

White campaign of violence to redeem Mississippi and retake politics of the state

Hamburg Massacre

Mass killings of Black people in small Black town by Whites in South Carolina

Compromise of 1877

Reconstruction ended and troops removed that had previously protected AAs after political compromise to give Rutherford B Hayes the presidency; Beginning of Redemption Period

Republican Factionalism

Conflict between Black and White Republicans over political issues and strategies