Neuroscience 1

Subfields of neuroscience

neurobiology, behavioral neuroscience, computational neuroscience, cognitive neuroscience, affective neuroscience, developmental neuroscience, evolutionary neuroscience, neurolinguistics, systems neuroscience, neurogenetics, etc.

Franz joseph gall

Founder of phrenology who maintained that different functions were localized in different parts of the brain. Feels the head

Central nervous system

consists of the brain and spinal cord

Peripheral nervous system

A division of the nervous system consisting of all nerves that are not part of the brain or spinal cord.

superior colliculus

receives visual sensory input

Inferior colliculus

auditory reflexes

enteric nervous system

the nervous system of the digestive tract

temporal cortex

Brain region that processes information about sound and is involved in consciously remembering past events, and for facial recognition.

parietal cortex

Provides higher levels of sensory information, such as map of the external world, that is important for planning and carrying out movements; spatial reasoning and processing sensations

frontal cortex

The front part of the cortex of the brain. Divided left and right into the two frontal lobes, this part of the brain is associated with cognitive functioning such as planning, foresight, and understanding.

ventral tegmental area

stimulates amygdala for pleasure and reward center

olfactory bulb

the brain center for smell, located below the frontal lobes

Hippocampus

a neural center located in the limbic system; helps process explicit memories for storage

Limbic System: Amygdala

controls emotion

Pons

sleep and arousal

Medulla

controls heartbeat and breathing

Amygdala

A limbic system structure involved in memory and emotion, particularly fear and aggression.

parasympathetic nervous system

the division of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body, conserving its energy

Occipital cortex

Brain region that processes visual information.

Cerebellum

Balance and coordination

sympathetic nervous system

fight or flight

Hypothalamus

A neural structure lying below the thalamus; it directs several maintenance activities (eating, drinking, body temperature), helps govern the endocrine system via the pituitary gland, and is linked to emotion and reward.

Thalamus

the brain's sensory control center, located on top of the brainstem; it directs messages to the sensory receiving areas in the cortex and transmits replies to the cerebellum and medulla