IS lesson 1

Edward Jenner

Who was able to successfully prevent infection from smallpox by injecting a less harmful substance (Cowpox) from a disease affecting coWS.

Immunology

Study of host’s reaction to a foreign substance that is introduced into the body

Immunity

Condition of being resistant to infection

Antibodies

Serum proteins produced by a certain lymphocyte when exposed to foreign substance

Antigens

Foreign substance that induced the host’s response

Natural Resistance

Acquired resistance to infectious diseases

Recovery

Advantage: Scientific ability to manipulate the immune system to protect against or treat a wide variety of clinical conditions

What are the Desirable Consequences?

Allergy

Rejection of transplanted organ

Autoimmune Disorder

What are the Undesirable Consequences?

When the body’s own tissues are attacked as if they were foreign

Define autoimmune disorder

Innate Immune System

Adaptive Immune System

What are the 2 divisions of Immune system

Adaptive Immune System

Slower but more focused on defense component

Innate Immune System

This is an Immediate protection component

15th Century

Turkey

China

Smallpox scabs

What timeline is this? “The people of _____ and _____ inhaled powder from ______ ____ in order to produce protection against small pox

1862

Ernst Haeckel

He was the first person to observe the phagocytic action of leukocytes and what year?

Louis Pasteur

He is the Father of Immunology and he is the one who discovered the principle of attenuation

Louis Pasteur

He is the first scientist to introduce the concept that vaccination could be applied to any microbial disease

He experimented chickens exposed to older bacterial cultures and Chickens that is not exposed

Chicken exposed: not affected after injected With more virulent

Chickens not exposed: died after being injected

What did Louis Pasteur do to prove that Vaccination could be applied to any microbial disease. ?

1883-1905

Elle Metchnikoff

He is the one who discovered phagocytosis and what year?

Elie Metchnikoff

Phagocytosis

He Discovered cells that eat cells and also called as?

1890

Emil von Behring

Who demonstrated the diphtheria and tetanus toxin could be neutralized by the noncellular portion of the blood, or serum of animal that is previously exposed to microorganisms and what year did he demonstrated it?

Emil von Behring

Who is awarded the first Nobel Prize in Physiology for his work on serum therapy?

1900

Paul Ehrlich

Who developed the antibody formation theory? And what year?

1902

Portier and Ritchet

They discovered the Immediate Hypersensitivity Anaphylaxis? And what year?

Opsonins

1903

Almroth wright

Who observe the certain humoral factors called ______ acted to coat the bacteria so that they became more susceptible to ingestion by phagocytic cells. And what year?

1949

Jonas Salk & Albert Sabin

They Developed and initiated the development of the polio vaccine. And what year?

1951-1953

Major Walter Reed

Who confirmed that yellow fever is caused by a specific mosquito ? Which helped in the development of yellow fever vaccine. He also observed graft-versus-host reaction. And what year?

1973

Steinman & Cohn

They discovered the Dendritic cells. And what year?

Immune cells

What type of cell is dendritic cells?

1975

Milstein & Kohler

They discovered the first monoclonal antibodies. And what year?

2005

Ian Frazer

He developed the HPV or the Human Papillomavirus Vaccine. And What year?

Attenuation

Making a pathogen less virulent which takes place through heating, aging, or chemical means

Attenuation

It still remains the basis for many of the immunization used today

Innate “Natural” Immunity

Or

“Native” Immunity

It reflects a person’s ability to resist infections with first and second lines of defense that are non-specifically directed at all pathogens or foreign particles without memory of prior exposure

Innate “Natural” Immunity

Or

“Native” immunity

It has an ability to resist infection by means of normally present body functions

Antibody formation

What is the Significant characteristic of Adaptive immunity that is also the reason why adaptive immunity’s effect is not immediate. ?

surface epithelial barriers

The major blood and tissue cell components of the innate immune system include what?

Macrophages

Dendritic cells

Mast cells

Tissue sentinels cells / Tissue resident cells

Sentinels

Microbes

Tissues

Tissue resident cells act as _____ to detect the presence of ______ in ______ and initiate immune response

Lymphocytes

What is the key mediators of adaptive immune system?