Module 1 Earth Science Review

The heliocentric model suggests that the ____ is located in the center of the Solar System.

Sun

Which scientist first proposed the heliocentric model?

Copernicus

What is the leading theory that explains the formation of stars and planets, such as in our Solar System?

Solar Nebula Theory

All of the following are parts to the nature of science, EXCEPT: A. Science is based on opinions B. Science is based on evidence C. Science knowledge may require revision D. Science is used to explain the world

Science is based on opinions

What is the term used to describe the cloud of interstellar gas and dust caused by the big bang?

Nebula

Which scientist made a telescope that helped gather observations to support Copernicus' heliocentric model?

Galileo

____ are statements based on the 5 senses (sight, sound, touch, taste, and hearing).

Observations

A(n) ____ is a testable prediction.

Hypothesis

What is the leading theory that explains how the universe developed?

Big Bang Theory

What process allowed the formation of the first elements within the nebula as matter collided after the big bang?

Nuclear Fusion

A star begins its formation as gravitational forces and nuclear fusion occur within a ____.

Nebula

Which of the following is the name of our galaxy?

Milky Way Galaxy

A galaxy can contain which of the following?

Nebulae, Stars, Interstellar matter

What do scientists call a newly formed star?

Protostar

What is the name of a graph that shows stars plotted based on their temperature and luminosity?

Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram

A large star found on the main sequence of a Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram would be:

Bright and Hot

Typically, large stars have ____ lifespans when compared to small stars.

Short

What force holds a galaxy together?

Gravity

Which galaxy is closest to our own?

Andromeda

What is a supernova?

The death of a Super Giant Star

All the following are shapes of galaxies, EXCEPT: A. triangular B. elliptical C. spiral D. irregular

A. triangular

What is the absolute magnitude of a star?

Brightness or Luminosity of the star (as seen from Earth)

What is an example of a celestial object?

Moon, planet, sun

Which are the two types of planets in our solar system?

Terrestrial and Gas Giants

All of the following are terrestrial planets EXCEPT: A. Jupiter B. Mercury C. Earth D. Mars

A. Jupiter

All of the following are gas giant planets EXCEPT: A. Jupiter B. Mercury C. Saturn D. Neptune

Mercury

Which planet is missing from the following list of inner planets?

• Mercury

• Earth

• Mars

• ?

Venus

Which planet is missing from the following list of outer planets?

• Uranus

• Neptune

• Jupiter

• ?

Saturn

Which celestial object consists of mostly rocky outer layers and has cores of metallic elements?

Terrestrial Planet

Which celestial object consists of fragments from asteroids and comets and is commonly called a "shooting star"?

Meteor

The two belts of celestial objects in our solar system, including the Kuiper Belt, largely consist of which of the following?

Asteroids

Which of the following is a dwarf planet in our solar system?

Pluto

What term do we use to describe a naturally occurring satellite of a planet?

Moon

Which statement is true when comparing dwarf planets to other planets in our solar system?

Dwarf planets have a lot of debris in their orbit that other planets have mostly cleared

What has greatly expanded our understanding of space?

Invention of the telescope, Observations from space, Planetary Orbiters

Which model was created by Copernicus and describes the planets as orbiting the sun?

Heliocentric Model

Which space exploration tool measures light intensity across the electromagnetic spectrum?

Spectroscope

Which space exploration tool consists of a structure used to project and observe star and planet patterns across their domed ceilings?

Planetariums

Which space exploration tool consists of structures used to house a telescope and other tools for space exploration?

Observatory

Which space exploration tool uses a series of lenses/mirrors or radio waves to observe distant objects in space?

Telescope

Which space exploration tool collects images, samples, and data while in orbit around a planet or moon?

Planetary Orbiter

Which space exploration tool collects images, samples, and data from the surface of a planet or moon?

Landers or Rovers

Who created a primitive telescope that helped collect evidence to support the heliocentric model for our solar system?

Galileo

Telescopes can gather images from long distances by using: 

Mirrors, lenses, radiowaves

Which of the following is the next telescope in line after the Hubble Telescope?

James Webb Telescope