Pharm drug handout

Vocabulary flashcards based on cardiac medications and related topics covered in the lecture.

Antihypertensives

Medications used to lower blood pressure.

Antidysrhythmics

Medications used to treat irregular heart rhythms.

Diuretics

Medications that increase urine output to reduce fluid volume.

Beta Blockers

Medications that decrease heart rate and blood pressure by blocking beta-adrenergic receptors.

ACE Inhibitors

Medications that block the angiotensin-converting enzyme in the kidney, lowering blood pressure.

Calcium Channel Blockers

Medications that block calcium entry into cells, relaxing coronary smooth muscle and lowering blood pressure.

Central Sympathetic Inhibitors

Medications that inhibit central vasomotor centers, decreasing sympathetic flow to the heart and lowering blood pressure.

Angiotensin II Blockers (ARBs)

Medications that block the vasoconstrictive effects of Angiotensin II, lowering blood pressure.

Metoprolol (Lopressor)

A beta-blocker used to decrease blood pressure and heart rate.

Lisinopril (Zestril)

An ACE inhibitor used to lower blood pressure.

Amlodipine (Norvasc)

A calcium channel blocker used to relax coronary smooth muscle and lower blood pressure.

Clonidine (Catapres)

A central sympathetic inhibitor used to decrease sympathetic flow to the heart and lower blood pressure.

Candesartan (Atacand)

An ARB used to block the vasoconstrictive effects of Angiotensin II, lowering blood pressure.

Orthostatic Hypotension

A common side effect of antihypertensive medications causing a drop in blood pressure upon standing.

Angioedema

A potential adverse effect of ACE inhibitors characterized by swelling of the face, tongue, or throat.

Hyperkalemia

Elevated potassium levels in the blood, a potential side effect of ACE inhibitors and ARBs.

Leukopenia

A decrease in white blood cells, a potential side effect of Captopril.

Class 1A Antidysrhythmics

Treat atrial/ventricular: PVC’s, Vtach, A-flutter. Example medications: Procainimide, Quinindine

Class 1B Antidysrhythmics

Treat ventricular dysrhythmias such as Vtach and Vfib. Example medications: Lidocane. Mexiletine

Class II Antidysrhythmics

Beta Blockers that treat atrial dysrhythmias such as Afib, Aflutter. Example medications: Inderal (propranolol)

Class III Antidysrhythmics

Treat ventricular dysrhythmias such as Vfib, Vtach. Example medications: Amiodarone

Loop Diuretics

Diuretics that block sodium and chloride reabsorption in the loop of Henle.

Thiazides

Diuretics that block sodium and chloride reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule.

Potassium-Sparing Diuretics

Diuretics that block the action of aldosterone, resulting in potassium retention.

Furosemide (Lasix)

A loop diuretic used to treat hypervolemia.

Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)

A thiazide diuretic used to treat hypervolemia.

Spironolactone (Aldactone)

A potassium-sparing diuretic used to treat hypervolemia.

Cardiac Glycosides

Medications that improve the heart's contractility and slow SA node depolarization.

Adrenergic Agonists

Medications that increase cardiac contractility, cause vasoconstriction, and increase the rate of conduction.

Nitrates

Medications that dilate veins and decrease preload.

Digoxin (Lanoxin)

A cardiac glycoside used to treat heart failure and atrial fibrillation.

Dopamine (Intropin)

An adrenergic agonist used to treat hypotension, renal failure, and bradycardia.

Nitroglycerin

A nitrate used to treat angina and hypertension.

Antilipemics

Medications used to lower lipid levels in the blood (e.g., statins).

Statins

Antilipemic medications that decrease LDL cholesterol levels.

Rhabdomyolysis

A severe side effect of statins involving the breakdown of muscle tissue.

Niacin

A medication used to increase HDL cholesterol levels.

Fibric Acid

Medications used to decrease triglyceride levels.

Opioid Agonists

Medications that bind to opiate receptors in the PNS and CNS to relieve pain.

NSAIDs

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

Naproxen (Aleve)

An NSAID with nephrotoxic effects.

Diclofenac (Voltaren)

An anti-inflammatory NSAID.

Indomethacin (Indocin)

An antirheumatic prostaglandin inhibitor.

Piroxicam (Feldene)

An NSAID with potential adverse reactions such as MI, CVA, and CHF.

Celecoxib (Celebrex)

An antirheumatic NSAID.

Aspirin (ASA)

Used for pain, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and antithrombolytic effects.

Ketorolac (Toradol)

An anti-inflammatory NSAID.

Nabumetone

Antiinflammatory and antipyretic used for rheumatoid arthritis (RA), also osteoarthritis

SSRIs

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, a class of antidepressants.

Benzodiazepines

Medications that inhibit CNS effects from GABA, used to treat anxiety.

BuSpar (buspirone)

Medication to treat panic disorder, OCD, PTSD

Elavil (amitriptyline)

Antidepressant.

Effexor (venlafaxine)

Antidepressant.

Zoloft (sertraline)

SSRI.

Lexapro (escitalopram)

SSRI.

Prozac (fluoxetine)

SSRI.

Cymbalta (duloxetine)

SSRI.

Valium (diazepam)

Benzodiazepines.

Xanax (Alprazolam)

Benzodiazepines.

Ativan (lorazepam)

Benzodiazepines.

Serax (Oxazepam)

Benzodiazepines.

Klonopin (Clonazepam)

Benzodiazepines.

MAOIs

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors.

Wellbutrin (buproprion)

Inhibits dopamine reuptake.

Nardil (phenelzine)

MAOIs.

Marplan (isocarboxazid)

MAOIs.

Parnate (tranylcypromine)

MAOIs.

ReVia

Opioid antagonist; to suppress craving and pleasurable effects from drugs.

Campral

Decreases anxiety and restlessness from withdrawal.

Antabuse

Used after detox to produce aversion to ETOH ingestion.

Histamine Receptor Antagonist

Decrease stomach acid by blocking histamine receptors.

Proton Pump Inhibitor

Inhibit enzymes producing gastric acid.

Mucosal Protectant

Coats lining of stomach and protects from acid and pepsin.

Antacids

Neutralizes stomach acid.

Zantac

Histamine Receptor Antagonist

Tagamet

Histamine Receptor Antagonist

Axid

Histamine Receptor Antagonist

Pepcid

Histamine Receptor Antagonist

Prilosec

Proton Pump Inhibitor

Protonix

Proton Pump Inhibitor

Prevacid

Proton Pump Inhibitor

Aciphex

Proton Pump Inhibitor

Nexium

Proton Pump Inhibitor

Carafate

Mucosal Protectant

Tums

Antacid.

Milk of Magnesia

Antacid.

Sodium Bicarbonate

Antacid.

Antiemetics

Medications used to prevent or treat nausea and vomiting.

Lithium

Produces neurochemical changes.

Haldol

Blocks dopamine, histamine, and norepinephrine receptors.

Depakote (valporic acid)

Anti-epileptic.

Tegretol (carbamazepine)

Anti-epileptic.

Lamictal (lamotrigine)

Anti-epileptic.

Beta-Adrenergic Drops

Decrease intraoptic pressure.

Alpha-Adrenergic Drops

Lower IOP by decreasing aqueous humor outflow.

Muscarinic Agonists

Relaxation of the trigone and sphincter muscle, urinary retention

Muscarinic Antagonists

Inhibits muscarinic receptors of the bladder, for treatment of bladder spasms

Melatonin Agonist

Activate melatonin receptors; treats insomnia.

Rozerem (ramelteon)

Melatonin Agonist; treats insomnia.

Methylxanthines

They are a group of medicines that used to open of the airways in the lungs..