Trunk ,Spine,Ankle,foot

-MOI: twist the foot upwards and the ankle rolls inward

-ATFL, PTFL, CFL

Gastrocnemius

Plantar flexion

• O: Medial & lateral femoral condyle

• I: Achillies tendon(calcaneus)

Soleus

Plantar flexion

• O: Proximal fibula and tibia

• I: Achillies tendon

Peroneus(fibularis) Longus

Plantar flexion

• Proximal fibula and tibia

• Medial cuneiform metatarsal 1

Peroneus(fibularis) brevis

Plantar Flexion

• O: Distal 2/3rd of fibula

• I: 5th metatarsal

Tibialis Posterior

Plantar flexion

• O: Posterior tibia and fibula

• I: Navicular, cuneiform, metatarsals 2-4

Flexor Digitorum Longus

Plantar flexion

• O: Posterior tibia

• I: Distal phalanx 2-5

Flexor Hallucis Longus

Plantar flexion

• O: Posterior

• I: Distal Phalanx of greater toe

Peroneus(fibularis) Tertius

Dorsi flex

• O: Anterior distal 2/3 fibula

• I: Base of 5th metatarsal

Extensor digitorum Longus

Dorsi Flex

• O: Lateral condyle of tibia, fibular head, proximal 2/3 fibula

• I: Middle and distal phalanges 2-5

Extensor hallucis Longus

Dorsi flex

• O: Anterior fibula

• I: Base of distal phalanx 1

Tibialis Anterior

Dorsi flex

• O: Upper 2/3 of lateral

• I: Medial cuneiform

Quadratus lumborum

• Action: Lateral flexion of the trunk

• Origin: Iliac crest

• Insertion: 12th rib and transverse processes of L1-L4

Rectus abdominis

• Action: Flexion of the trunk

• Origin: Pubic symphysis and pubic crest

• Insertion: Xiphoid process and costal cartilages of ribs 5-7

External oblique

• Action: Rotation and lateral flexion of the trunk

• Origin: External surfaces of ribs 5-12

• Insertion: Linea alba, pubic tubercle, and anterior half of iliac crest

Internal oblique

• Action: Rotation and lateral flexion of the trunk

• Origin: Thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, and inguinal ligament

• Insertion: Inferior borders of ribs 10-12, linea alba, and pubic crest

Transverse abdominus

• Action: Compression of the abdominal contents

• Origin: Internal surfaces of ribs 7-12, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, and inguinal ligament

• Insertion: Linea alba, pubic crest, and pecten pubis 5

Erector spinae

• Iliocostalis

• Longissimus

• Spinalis

• Action: Extension and lateral flexion of the trunk

• Origin: Posterior iliac crest, sacrum, lumbar and thoracic vertebrae

• Insertion: Ribs, thoracic and cervical vertebrae