2. Physiology

Physiology 

the normal function of cells and the organisational and functional relationships between cells, tissue, organs and body systems

Eukaryotic cells

cells with a membrane bound nucleus, a characteristic of plant + animal cells

Prokaryotic cells

non membrane bound nucleus, doesn’t have organelles, a characteristic of bacteria

Tissue

collection of similar cells with the same embryonic origin, carrying out a similar function

Organ

a social distinct structure within a living organism comprised of several tissue organised that work together to carry out a specific function or set of related functions

body system

a group of organs or tissues carrying out a specific function essential for survival, growth and reproduction

Ribosomes

synthesis protein 

Mitochondria

make ATP via aerobic respiration

Peroxisome

breaks down fatty acids and essential lipids

Vacuole

Golgi Apparatus 

modifies and packages proteins

rough endoplasmic reticulum 

processes modifies packages transports proteins

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

modify and package + transports lipids and carbs

nucleus

Centrosome

forms spindle fibres for cell division 

cell membrane

controls movement of substances in and out of cells

cytoplasm

fluid within the cell but not classified as an organelle

cytoskeleton

network of fibres nessesary for the stability and shape of the cell

lysosomes

releases hydrolytic enzymes that break down structures in the cell

intracellular fluid

within cells, cytoplasm

makes up 60% of total body water

remains relatively stable

severe increase in volume → apoptosis

severe decrease in volume → changes concentration affecting cellular

Plasma

liquid found within the circulatory system 20% total water

interstitial fluid

lies in between cells

15% total water in body

interstitial fluid and plasma collectively called

extracellular fluid