Coronary Circulation and Cardiac Conduction System

Coronary arteries

Supply blood to heart muscle from aorta.

Left coronary artery

Branches into anterior interventricular and circumflex arteries.

Anterior interventricular artery

Supplies anterior ventricles and interventricular sulcus.

Circumflex artery

Supplies left atrium and ventricle.

Right coronary artery

Supplies right side of heart.

Marginal artery

Branches from right coronary artery, supplies anterior/posterior.

Posterior interventricular artery

Supplies posterior left and right ventricles.

Coronary veins

Drain blood from heart muscle into coronary sinus.

Great cardiac vein

Drains anterior heart, empties into coronary sinus.

Small cardiac vein

Drains right side of heart, empties into coronary sinus.

Middle cardiac vein

Drains posterior heart, empties into coronary sinus.

Posterior cardiac vein

Drains posterior heart, empties into coronary sinus.

Coronary artery disease (CAD)

Caused by atherosclerosis, leads to heart issues.

Angina

Chest pain from insufficient oxygen to heart.

Myocardial infarction

Blockage of blood flow, known as heart attack.

Hypertension

High blood pressure, can lead to heart disease.

Cardiac conduction system

Controls heart rhythm through electrical impulses.

Sinoatrial (SA) node

Primary pacemaker, initiates heartbeats.

Atrioventricular (AV) node

Delays impulse before it passes to ventricles.

Purkinje fibers

Conduct impulses throughout ventricles for contraction.

Moderator band

Transmits impulses to right ventricle for contraction.

Heart valves

Prevent backflow of blood during heart cycles.

Pulmonary semilunar valve

Controls blood flow from right ventricle to lungs.

Aortic semilunar valve

Controls blood flow from left ventricle to aorta.