Treatment Technologies in Juvenile Justice Chapter 12

Flashcards about treatment technologies in juvenile justice.

What is the guiding premise of juvenile corrections?

Juvenile corrections focuses on rehabilitating youths before they become hardened criminals.

What is the range of approaches to treatment in juvenile justice?

Individual to group methods.

What are the four stages of correctional treatment since the mid-twentieth century?

The 'rehabilitation is not appropriate' stage, the 'nothing works' stage, the 'some treatments work' stage, and the 'numerous programs and innovations work' stage.

Why was the medical model discredited in American corrections by the end of the 1960s?

Critics argued that rehabilitation's assumptions conflict with basic human values, that rehabilitation philosophy does not work, and that rehabilitation is a disaster in practice.

What does the risk principle state regarding effective intervention?

Programs should assess the criminogenic risk of their clients at intake and provide services that are proportionate to their level of risk.

What are criminogenic needs?

Factors that, once changed, have been shown to be related to criminal behavior; examples include antisocial attitudes, peers, personality characteristics, substance abuse, and school achievement.

What is the responsivity principle concerned with?

Ensuring that youth are getting the right types of treatment and that the treatment is matched to the learning style of the youth.

What does the 'risk principle' state regarding correctional treatment effectiveness?

Programs targeting offenders who are higher risk are more effective in reducing recidivism than those that target lower risk offenders.

What did Pellisier and colleagues find regarding program completion of rehabilitation programs?

Dropouts were the least likely to succeed, and were more likely to be women and those who enter treatment with lower levels of motivation.

What is the overall takeaway regarding the effectiveness of correctional treatment based on reviews?

While Martinson’s widely rumored review casts doubt on the effectiveness of correctional treatment, more recent reviews have found that programs can be highly effective under particular circumstances and with specific populations, especially for those residents who complete the programs.

What are two deterrents that discourage the wider use of institutional programs today?

(1) overcrowded facilities and (2) the 'no-frills' institutional emphasis.

What does the responsivity principle maintain?

That programs should consider offenders’ situations and characteristics that may become barriers to success in a correctional program.

What is the best practice principle?

Principle that states what is done should be based on previous research and successful programming.

What principles for working with serious offenders were largely agreed upon by proponents of intervention's new direction?

Programs with multiple modalities must be used, intensity of contact must be increased in most programs, and greater attention must be paid to offenders’ needs and characteristics so that they can be matched with particular program elements.

What type of evaluations occurred by the second decade of the twentieth century?

Psychiatric evaluations and psychological workups of juvenile delinquents were being conducted in child guidance clinics.

What is the purpose of risk/needs assessments today?

Administered to youths as part of pre- and postadjudication case planning.

What are the individual-level treatment programs?

Insight therapy, behavior therapy, and cognitive-behavior therapy.

Who has used insight-based therapies in training schools since the early twentieth century?

Psychiatrists, clinical psychologists, and psychiatric social workers.

What is the assumption of behavior therapy?

Desirable behaviors are rewarded immediately and will therefore systematically increase, and undesirable behaviors that are not rewarded or punished will diminish and eventually be extinguished.

What is based on the assumption that the foundations for criminal behavior are dysfunctional patterns of thinking?

Cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT).

What is the most widely adopted of the cognitive-behavioral interventions?

The Cognitive Thinking Skill Program (CTSP) developed by Robert Ross and Elizabeth Fabiano.

What are the most popular group counseling programs?

Guided group interaction, positive peer culture, drug and alcohol abuse interventions, and intervention with juvenile sex offenders.

What is the most important characteristic of the guided group interaction (GGI) approach?

The nonauthoritarian atmosphere.

What is a major problem in using GGI?

A shortage of trained group leaders.

What is the main philosophy of positive peer culture (PPC)?

To 'turn around' the negative peer culture and to mobilize the power of the peer group in a positive way.

What do effective programs usually have in common?

They usually are set up by an inspired individual or group of individuals, have developed a unified-team approach among staff, have a transmittable philosophy of life, trust offenders with decision-making responsibilities, help offenders develop needed skills, are regarded as unique and different by offenders, and provide an integrated treatment model.

What states have developed integrated treatment models?

The states of Colorado, Texas, and Washington.