Pneumothorax (Air in Lungs)

Pneumothorax

The accumulation of air in the pleural space, which can lead to partial or complete lung collapse.

X-ray or CT scan shows tracheal deviation or placement away from the affected side.

Diagnosis of pneumothorax

Tension pneumothorax

A type of pneumothorax where air enters but cannot leave the pleural space, acting like a one-way valve.

Secondary pneumothorax

Air enters the pleural space due to injury to the chest wall, respiratory structures, or esophagus (or from existing disease).

Spontaneous pneumothorax

Occurs when air enters the pleural space due to the rupture of air-filled blebs on the lung surface, specially from smokers.

tension pneumothorax

etiology has unknown causes

Etiology of spontaneous pneumothorax

Commonly results from a ruptured bleb, especially in smokers.

Pneumothorax

Includes pleuritic pain, increased respiratory rate, dyspnea, asymmetry of the chest wall, decreased breath sounds, hyperresonance in percussion, trachea deviation, and signs of shock.

Monitor vital signs and signs of shock, observe respiration, maintain a semi-Fowler’s position, administer oxygen and analgesics, and manage chest tube drainage.

Nursing interventions for pneumothorax

Pleuritic pain

Sharp pain occurring during inhalation, associated with pneumothorax.

Chest tube

Provides an escape route for air in tension or spontaneous pneumothorax situations.

Shifting of mediastinal structures

Occurs towards the unaffected side of the chest in case of a tension pneumothorax.

Signs of shock

May occur due to large pneumothorax, indicating a medical emergency.