Oncogenesis Tumor nomenclature

Hamartoma

extra “normal tissue” at “normal” site

Choristoma

“normal tissue” at “abnormal” site

Vascular metastasis’s main sites:

Spleen, right auricle, skin

Ademona

Benign glandular tumor

Adenocarcinoma

Malignant Glander tumor

Squamous papilloma

Benign squamous tumor

Squamous cell carcinoma

Malignant Squamous epithelial tumor.

Osteoma

Benign Bone tumor

Osteosarcoma

Malignant bone tumor

Benign epithelial tumors:

Adenoma, papilloma

Malignant Epithelial tumors

Carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma

Papilloma

exophytic (outward) growth, squamous cell origin (skin)

Polyp

exophytic (outward) growth, mucosal surfaces (intestines, ear/nose)

Adenoma

not necessarily outward growth, Glandular epithelial origin (mammary gland, thyroid gland, and also intestines)

What is similar between polyp and adenoma?

• all are benign epithelial neoplasms

  • surgically curative

Epithelial tumor cytology

• Cohesive clusters, defined borders, cytoplasmic vascuoles

• Cell shape: cuboidal, columnar, or polygonal

• Anisocytosis/anisokaryosis

Cytology of mesenchymal cells

• Spindle and oval-shaped cells with elongated nuclei

• Individualized

• Often have associated matrix (in the background or with the neoplastic cells)

What is this a cytology of?

Mesenchymal cells

What is this a cytology of?

Epithelial tumor cells

What are the 5 stages of lymphoma:

1) A single lymph node is involved

2) Regional lymphadenopathy

3) Generalized lymphadenopathy

4)Hepatosplenomegaly

5) Involvement of bone marrow, central nervous system, or extranodal sites

What is it called what lymphoma is stage 5?

Leukemia

What is this?

Mast cell tumor

What is this?

Histiocytoma

What is this?

Plasma cell tumor

What is this?

Lymphoma

Mast cell tumor

• Purple cytoplasmic granules

• Eccentric nuclei

  • Well-differentiated tumors → usually more granules

Histocytoma

• Epidermal Langerhans cell origin

• Round to oval “big cells” with abundant light blue cytoplasm

• Minimal cellular atypia

  • Can spontaneously regress

Plasma cell tumor

• Round to oval cells

• Round to oval eccentric nuclei

• Bi/multinucleation

  • More atypia than histocytoma

Lymphoma

• Round to oval cells

• highest N:C ratio (almost no cytoplasm)

• Round nuclei

  • Needs histopathology (biopsy) for discerning B vs T cell lymphoma

Cytology of round cell tumors contains:

Round, discrete cells, high nucleus:cytoplasm ratio (N:C ratio)

Neuroendocrine tumors

• Secretory epithelial cells (produce hormones/neurotransmitters)

• often boring looking but aggressive biological behavior

• Histopathology (biopsy) is more definitive

Neuroendocrine tumors:

• Round to polygonal cells in packets/small sheets

• Round to oval nuclei

• Indistinct cell borders

• “naked nuclei”

AGASACA cytology:

has neuroendocrine appearance

What is this?

Neuroendocrine tumor