race and ethnicity

race

socially constructed or defined category based on real or perceived bio differences between groups of people

ethnicity

socially defined category based on a common language, religion, nationality, history

symbolic ethnicity

only relevant on specific occasion

situational ethnicity

can be displayed or concealed based on its usefulness

minority group

social group systematically denied the same access to power and resources available to society’s dominant groups though its members aren’t always fewer than the dominant group

racism

a set of beliefs about the claimed superiority of one racial/ethnic group; used to justify inequality and often rooted in the assumption that differences among groups are genetic

prejudice

an idea about the characteristics of a group that is applied to all members of that group and is unlikely to change regardless of the evidence against it

discrimination

unequal treatment of individuals based on their membership in a social group, motivated by prejudice

implicit bias

embedded attitude or stereotypes that influence perception, decision, and action

individual discrimination

discrimination carried out by one person against another

institutional discrimination

political, economic

white nationalism

belief that nation should be built around a white identity reflected in religion, politics, economics, culture

privilege

unearned advantage accorded to members of dominant social groups

white privilege

idea that whites enjoy certain privileges not available to nonwhites, unaware of the unequal benefits they possess

microaggression

everyday uses of subtle verbal and nonverbal communications that convey denigrating or dismissive messages to members of certain social groups

cultural appropriation

adoption of cultural elements belonging to an oppressed group by members of the dominant group, without permission and often for the dominant group’s gain

reverse racism

claim by whites that they suffer discrimination based upon their race and, therefore, experience social disadvantages