(Science 10): Periodic table + atom structure

Metal properties

\-Left of staircase

\-Conduct heat + electricity

\-Shiny, mostly gray

\-Ductile, malleable

\-Solid at room temp.

\-Reactivity can vary (inert-extremely reactive)

Non metal properties

\-Right of staircase

\-Poor conductors

\-Dull, many colours

\-Brittle

\-Solid, liquid, or gas at room temp.

\-Reactivity can vary (inert-extremely reactive)

Metalloids

Have properties of metals + non metals

Features of the periodic table

\-Periods

\-Group/families

Periods

\-Horizontal rows

\-7 periods

\-Each group has same amount of electron shells

Groups/Families

\-Vertical columns

\-18 groups/families

\-Each group shares similar properties

Main groups/families

\-Alkali metals

\-Alkali earth metals

\-Halogens

\-Noble gases

\-Transition metals

Alkali metals

\-Group 1

\-React violently with other substances

Alkali earth metals

\-Group 2

\-Also react violently but less than alkali metals

Halogens

\-Group 17

\-Can be poisonous gases

Noble gases

\-Group 18

\-Non reactive/inert gases

Parts of periodic table element box

\-Atomic number

\-Atomic mass

\-Element name

\-Element Symbol

\-Most stable charge

Parts of the atom

\-Proton

\-Neutron

\-Electron

Proton

\-(p+)

\-Positive charge

\-In the nucleus

Neutron

\-(n)

\-Neutral/no charge

\-In the nucleus

Electron

\-(e-)

\-Negative charge

\-Around nucleus

Atomic number

\-Amount of protons

\-Never changes

Atomic mass

Total amount of protons + neutrons

How to find # of neutrons

Atomic mass (round to nearest whole number) - Atomic number

Isotopes

\-Atoms of the same element with different amounts of neutrons

Energy level

Region of space that may have electrons

Valence electron

Outermost shell/level of an element

Electron shell/level amount of attraction

\-Electron shell/level closest to the nuclues has strongest attraction

\-Electron shell/level farthest from nucleus has weakest attraction

Atom vs Ions

Atom: Neutral charge (Amount of protons=Amount of electrons)

Ion: Positive or negative charge (Amount of extra electrons added/taken away to make complete valence shell)

Ionization

Process of gaining/losing electrons to complete valence shell

Cations

\-Losing electrons

\-Leaves positive charge

Anions

\-Gaining electrons

\-Leaves negative charge

Octet rule

energy level sequence: 2,8,8,1

\-Most atoms don’t want neutral charge (e- = p+)

\-Atoms want to complete their valence shell