7.4bc how do TNCs link to superpower nations

how to build a superpower

trade, international trade, innovation and patents

why did the ussr fall

they couldnt afford to keep up with usa defence spending

how did china grow

as they have a free market, grow 10% every year, 4th largest economy

how is the us dollar the most powerful

as it is the currency used to buy and sell oil

what can superpowers do through TNCs

exert their influence

what can some TNCs exceed

GPDs of some low income countries e.g. walmart gdp larger than norway

what are TNCs publicly traded

shares held by range of players e.g. walmart, shell

what are TNCs state owned

majority or whole of TNCs is owned by gov e.g. china national petroleum

what are the new intellectual property laws to protect TNCs investing huge sums in research and development

patents for now interventions and technologies, trademarks to protect designs e.g. logos, copyright for artistic work e.g. music so anyone wishing has to pay royalty fee to inventor

where do 85% of royalty payments go

to usa, eu and japan

what has global trade shifted

shifted economic power away from western countries to emerging countries

what is most trade now

parts of good moving between countries before final product is completed

why has global trade increased

because of shift in manufacturing to asia by TNCs so more exports

what does the WTO require its members to do when they have something new

register it to protect their property right so anyone wishing to use it must pay royalty

what is the issue with patents developed by pharmaceutical companies

make medicines unaffordable in poorer countries

what is wrong with some genetically modified (GM) crops being controlled by TNCs

its forces farmers to sign contracts so they cant save seeds for the next year so they have to buy new seeds each year