The growth of opposition to Tsarist rule

What provided a platform for intellectuals to challenge autocracy

Zemstva and Duma

Moderate liberal opposition

intelligentsia

What groups were the intelligentsia split into

Westernisers and Slavophiles

What zemstvo demanded a national assembly

St Petersburg zemstvo

What did some liberals move towards as a result of industrialisation

Marxism

Group of students calling for revolution

Young Russia

What were Young Russia blamed for in 1862

Fires in St Petersburg which destroyed 2000 shops

What was set up by Moscow University students which called for more reforms in 1863

‘The Organisation’

What did Chernyshevski write which suggested peasants should lead the revolution

1862 - ‘What is to be done?’

What radical journal advocated for a peasant based society and called on followers to go to the people in 1869

The Bell

Who translated the Communist Manifesto into Russian in 1869

Bakunin

What was set up in St Petersburg 1868-9 which printed, published and distributed revolutionary literature including Marx’s ‘Das Kapital’

Tchaikovsky Circle

When did Pyotr Lavrov send 2,000 people to go to the countryside and persuade peasants to lead the revolution

1874

How did the peasants respond to the populists

loyal to the Tsar and reported Populists to the authorities

How many Populists were arrested as a result of going to the people

1,600

When was the 2nd, equally unsuccessful, attempt at Populists going to the people

1876

When were the show trials of Populists

1877-78

Populist who set up cooperative store in countryside which the peasants blew up because they were suspicious of him

Mikhail Romas

When was Land and Liberty set up

1877

Who did the Land and Liberty assassinate in 1878

Head of Third Section

What 2 groups did Land and Liberty split into in 1879

Black Repartition and People’s Will

Who led the Black Repartition

Georgi Plekhanov

What were the People’s will able to do

• Plant a spy in the Third Section

• Assassinate Alexander II

• Political assassination

What group was formed in 1883 which smuggled translated writings in to Russia

Emancipation of Labour goroup

What did students in St. Petersburg attempt to do in 1886

Restart People’s Will (5 were executed including Lenin’s older brother)