Skin swine | Quizlet

name the primary skin diseases in pigs

swine pox virus

exudative epideritis

subcutaneous abcesses

malignant edema

porcine necrotic ear syndrome

name the secondary skin diseases

porcine dermatitis

erysipelas suum

vesicular diseases

-foot and mouth

-swine vesicular diseases

-vesticular stomatitis

-vesicular exanthema

etiological agent foe swine pox

poxviridae - suipoxviridae

2 different viruses that can cause swine pox

swine pox virus

vaccina virus

characterise swine pox virus and vaccine virus

swine pox virus is slower to develop but its more severe compared to vaccina virus which is faster and less severe

source of infection of swine pox

from an already infected pig

vesicular fluid

epidermis

crusts of the skin that have fallen off

transmission of swine pox

horizontal by contact

vertical can occur the piglets are dead with skin ulcers

vectors spread the infection

what age of pigs is most susceptible to swine pox

piglets but affects all ages

property of the swine pox virus

resistant to the external environment

pathogenesis of swine pox

enters through damaged skin

replicates in the epithelium and macrophages

moves to the blood stream which causes viremia

moves to the skin where it develops as lesions

appearance of the swine pox on the skin

localised / generalised

entire skin / mm

symptoms of swine pox

↑ temp

rhinitis

conjunctivitis

papulae eruption

papulae development and eruption in swine pox

redness: flat and 3-5mm

follicle: raised 1-2mm

↓temp and return of appetite

vesiculosum stage: fills with serum which grows and converts to pus

pustulosum stage: burst and becomes ulcer

crustosum stage: dry and crust develops

decrustation stage: crust falls off

recovery

forms of swine pox

mild and malignant

mild form of swine pox

occurs in older animals

localised to skin

no treatment

malignant form of swine pox

occurs in piglets

skin or mm

fatal

severe lesions

wash the skin w/ KMNO2

immunity against swine pox

occurs after infection

protection till death

humoral or cellular

postmortem of swine pox

skin lesion

sometimes edema in lungs and cattahral inflam of the GI

diagnosis of swine pox

clinical signs

isolation

spread

serology

PCR

samples for diagnosis in swine pox

skin scrapings

control and treatment of swine pox

rapid detection

removal of the infected animal

improves hygiene

vaccinate

wash w/ KMnO2

eliminate vectors

etiological agent of exudative epidermitis

staphylococcus - s. hyicus

characterise s. hyicus

gram pos

produces toxins which cause symptoms

survives intracellularly

predisposing factor to exudative epidermitis

environment

improper teeth and tail trimming

zinc deficiency

scabies

what animals are most susceptible to exudative epidermitis

piglets

source of s. hyicus

infected animals

or sows uninfected naturally in vagina, ears and nose

route of infection of s. hyicus

broken skin or mm

bite wounds

pathogenesis of exudative epidermitis

starts at the head especially the cheeks

phagocytose but survive intracellularly

produce toxins

spread

cause inflam and infiltrate of neutrophils

CHANGES REACH REPRO LAYER OF THE SKIN

forms of exudative epidermitis

acute

subacute

chronic

acute form of exudative epidermitis

occurs in piglets

no itching or fever

redness

serum exudate appears as dirty brown crusts

hot and greasy

subacute form of exudative epidermitis

occurs in wearers

chronic form of exudative epidermitis

occurs in adults

how long does exudative epidermitis last in the herd

2/3 months

symptoms of exudative epidermitis

severe pain

↓ appetite

ear necrosis

eyes swollen

constipation

skin is thickened

affects organs- brain, liver, urinary tract, nervous system

postmortem of exudative epidermitis

skin lesions

thickened skin

enlarged Lymph nodes

empty stomach

diagnosis of exudative epidermitis

isolate bacteria

bacteriology

PCR

control and treatment exudative epidermitis

disinfection

hygiene

abandon tattooing and castration

treatment for exudative epidermitis

antibiotics: penicillin

A and D vits

hydrate

spray pigs

warm solution of 1% virikon

etiological agent for subcutaneous abcesses

actinomyceteae - truperella - t. pyrogens

characterise t. pyrogens

gram +

produce toxin - PYOLIZINE

source of infection of subcutaneous abcesses

infected animals and environment

route of infection of subcutaneous abcesses

broken skin or mm

pathogenesis of subcutaneous abcesses

adheres to cell

phagocytoses but survives intracellularly

produces toxins-PYOLIZINE

forms access

where can abcesses be found

subcutaneously

intramuscular

internal

symptoms of subcutaneous abcesses seen in sow

inflam and degen of teats

symptoms of subcutaneous abcesses seen in fatteners

subcutaneous, intracellular or organ

abcesses surround by stiff thick fibrous capsule

when are abcesses found

at slaughter

what limbs and where can abcesses also be found

found in front legs at the coronary bands

postmortem of subcutaneous abcesses

lessions found in many different locations

diagnosis of subcutaneous abcesses

bacteriology and PCR

sample for diagnostics of subcutaneous abcesses

pus

milk

exudate

skin

how to control subcutaneous abcesses

hygiene and disinfection

treatment of subcutaneous abcesses

chlorofenicol

thiamphenicol

florophenicol

ampicillin

is there a vaccine for subcutaneous abcesses

no but autovaccines can be used

etiological agent of malignant edema

clostridia

route of infection of malignant edema

broken skin

pathogenesis of malignant edema

enters through the broken skin

multiplies at a the site of infection

produces toxins

toxins cause necrosis of surrounding tissue

inflammation

toxins enter the blood stream

symptoms of malignant edema

swelling at the the infection site

edema

gelintous, opaque and amber

could be lame

dyspnea

fever and ↓appetite

when would death occur in malignant edema

death in 24/48hrs

what causes the death in malignant edema

toxins

postmortem in the malignant edema

edema in subcutanous tissue and submandibular region.

↓muscle @ site of edema

dry stinking of butter or completely normal

ember fluid w/ fibrin in peritoneum and pleural cavity

diagnosis of malignant edema

necropsy

bacteriology

PCR

control of malignant edema

protect wounds

remove infected animals

treatment of malignant edema

no effective treatment or specific prophylaxis

PNES

porcine ear necrotic syndrome

etiological agent of porcine ear necrotic syndrome

mycolplasa - m. heamosuis

source of porcine ear necrotic syndrome

anything contains blood

transmission of porcine ear necrotic syndrome

horizontal- direct: coming in contact with blood

- indirect: insects bite

vertical @ pregnancy

pathogenesis of porcine ear necrotic syndrome

m. haemophilus binds and deforms the RBCs

the spleen recognises the deformed RBC as a foreign object

removed from circulation

leading to autoimmune reaction

consequences of autoimmune reaction

blockage of the art.

leading to necrosis of ears, nose and tail

because of low blood flow

symptoms of porcine ear necrotic syndrome

anaemia

paleness

weakness

watery consistence to the blood

necrosis of ears, nose and tail

cyanosis of ears

jaundice

postmortem of porcine ear necrotic syndrome

paleness

jaundice

spleen enlargement

watery blood

diagnosis of porcine ear necrotic syndrome

THIN BLOOD SMEAR OF FRESH BLOOD

micro exam of the blood smear

PCR

serology

control of porcine ear necrotic syndrome

nutrition and management

treatment of porcine ear necrotic syndrome

antibiotics: oxytetracyline

acute form: iron injection

anti-circovirusosis vaccine

etiology of porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome

circovirus type 2

symptoms of porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome

pale and anaemic

lesions of the skin surface w/ centre of necrosis

hemorrhages

edema

swollen LN especially inguinal

postmortem of porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome

pale and anemic

lesions of skin surface w/ centre of necrosis

hemorrhages

edema

swollen lymph nodes especially inguinal

enlarged and pale kidney

enlarged spleen

degen of the liver = jaundice

marbling of the lungs

diagnosis of porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome

ICH

histopath of liver, kidney, spleen and Inguinal LN

PCR

control of porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome

general prevention

treatment of porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome

vaccine available

how long do symptoms persist in porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome

3 days with a high mortality

etiological agent for erysipelas suum

erypilothrix rhusiopathiae

how many serotypes is there's of erypilothrix rhusiopathiae

26

source of infection for erypilothrix rhusiopathiae

infected pigs

asymptomatic pigs

birds are vectors

route of infection for erypilothrix rhusiopathiae

exogenic: oral route

iatrogenic: autoimmune

pathogenesis of erypilothrix rhusiopathiae

bacteria infilatret the peers patches of the villi of the intestines

replicate

move to the LN

move to the blood stream

causes septimcemia

effects of the infection in the long term

once infected the pigs will carry bacteria till end of life

ling term shedding in urine, feaces and discharge

forms of erypilothrix rhusiopathiae disease

paracute

acute

chronic

parachute form of erypilothrix rhusiopathiae

fever @ 48 degrees

fatal

acute form of erypilothrix rhusiopathiae

fever @ 41-42

cyanosis of ears, nose, abdomen and thighs

diamond pattern on skin @ day 2/3

constipation

normal on day 7

chronic form of erypilothrix rhusiopathiae

skin- necrotic

joints- lame and swelled

cardiac- dyspnea and valve degen

symptoms of erypilothrix rhusiopathiae

abortions

infertility

diamond skin pattern lesions

dyspnea lameness

cyanosis

constipation

postmortem of erypilothrix rhusiopathiae

cyanosis and skin necrosis

skin lesions

enlarged liver and spleen

cauliflower valves

fluid w/ fibrin

hemmorhages on the serosal mem

diagnosis of erypilothrix rhusiopathiae

bacteriological

what diagnostic method is not useful do and why

serology because there 26 serotypes too many

control erypilothrix rhusiopathiae

single or polyvalent vaccine

treatment. of erypilothrix rhusiopathiae

ab's: penicillin, amoxicillin, ampicillin and cephalosporins

NSAIDS

predisposing factor for erypilothrix rhusiopathiae

age

stress w/ transport, weather, temp, vet, genetics and nutrition

is erypilothrix rhusiopathiae zoonotic

yes develops lesions on hands and face