Textile Exam 1 (1,2,3)

what is fiber

Any substance, natural or manufactured, with a high length-to-width ratio and with suitable characteristics for being processed into fabric.

what is yarn

An assemblage of fibers, twisted or laid together so as to form a continuous strand that can be made into a textile fabric.

what is fabric

A flexible planar substance constructed from solutions, fibers, yarns, fabrics, or any combination of these.

what is a finish

Any process used to convert gray goods (unfinished fabric) into finished fabric.

what is a textile

A term generally applied to fibers, yarns, fabrics OR products made from fibers, yarns, or fabrics.

what is serviceability

The measure of a textile product's ability to meet consumers' needs

what is included in serviceability?

aesthetics, durability, comfort, safety, appearance retention, care, environmental impact, cost

what is performance

The way a textile or textile products responds to the environment and to use

what is performance determined by

fiber content, yarn type, fabric construction, finish, product (design, fit, construction)

what performance is required by law

SAFETY (flammability)

what is quality

Difficult to define because of different meaning to different people

what is included in quality

appearance, end-use, performance

remember:

Fabric quality is not the same as product quality

what are the three key pillars of sustainability

economic development, environmental protection, social responsibility

What is the basic structural unit of fibers?

atoms

what is included in the anatomy of an atom?

nucleus in center, electrons in orbit

atoms are held or linked together into molecules by ......

bonds

what is an ionic bond?

+ & - electron charges

what is a covalent bond?

electron sharing

for fibers, atoms join by ....

covalent bonds

most fibers are combinations of .....

carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen

what is the primary atom used in the molecules that can form fibers

carbon

how many electrons are in a carbon atom

4 electrons

how many elctrons are in a hyrdogen atom

1 elctron

how many electrons are in an oxygen atom

6 electrons

what is a covalent bond

The ease of sharing electrons is determined by the number of electrons an atom has in the outermost shell(atoms have electrons orbiting layers, called shells)

what is a polymer

repeating units in the molecule that join together like cars on a train

what are the molecule that form fibers

polymers

what are two arrangements of polymers

crystalline, and amorphous

what is crystalline

arrangements have polymer molecules in a mostly parallel alignment

what is amorphous

arrangements have polymer molecules in a random, nonparallel alignment

are polymers visible

no

what are the polymer properties

chemical composition, polymer chain length, chemical bonds, arrangement of polymers

polymer properties affect....

fiber properties

all fibers are made of long chain molecules known as

polymers

what are natural fibers

From plant, animals or mineral sources;fibers exist in nature but need processing foruse

what are the two manufactured fibers

regenerated + synthetic

what is a regenerated fiber

From plant, animal or mineral sources, but fibers do not exist in natural form; chemical processing is necessary to convert them into fiber form

what is a synthetic fiber

From petrochemical sources. Polymers must be synthesized and formed into fibers

what are examples of natural cellulosic

cotton, linen, hemp, bamboo, flax, remi

what are examples of animal protein

wool, silk, mohair, alpaca, angora, camel, yak

What are the four suitable characteristics of a fiber?

strength, pliability, length, cohesiveness

What are staple fibers?

short fibers

What are filament fibers?

long fibers

What are the 5 aesthetic properties

luster, drape, texture, hand, cover

What are the 6 durabiltiy properties?

tenacity, elongation, abrasion resistance, flexibility, sunlight resistance, cohesiveness

What is tenacity?

ability to resist stress

What is elongation?

ability to be stretched or extended

What is abrasion resistance?

the ability of a fiber to resist damage from rubbing

What is flexibility?

the ability to bend repeatedly without breaking

What is sunlight resistance?

the ability to withstand the degradation from sunlight

What are the 6 comfort properties?

water absorbency, wicking, heat retention, heat conductivity, electrical conductivity, density

What is hydrophilic?

absorbs moisture

What is hydrophobic?

does not absorb water

What is hydroscopic?

absorbs moisture without feeling wet

What is luster?

The way a mineral reflects light

What is drape?

the way the fabric falls over a 3D form

What is texture of a garment?

the feel of a surface or material

What is the hand of a garment?

the way the fiber feels

What does it mean to cover?

the ability to conceal or protect

What is cohesiveness?

is the ability of fibers to cling together during

spinning

What is water absorbency?

the way a garment absorbs or doe snot absorb water

What is wicking?

the ability of a fiber to transfer moisture along its surface

What is heat retention?

how does it keep heat in the garment

What is heat conductivity in a garment?

ability to transfer energy as heat

What is electrical conductivity in a garment?

ability to transfer electrical charge

What is density of a garment?

how tightly the fibers in a fabric are woven together

What are the 12 appearance properties?

resiliency, loft, dimesnional stability, elasticity, piling, compressability, shrinkage resistance, creep, aging, mildew resistance, moth resistance, care properties

What is resiliency ?

The ability to return to original shape after bending, twisting, compressing, or a combination of deformation

What is loft?

ability to spring back to original thickness after being compressed

What is dimensional stability?

ability to retain size and shape through use and care

What is elasticity?

the ability of a textle to return to its original dimension shape after elongation

What is pilling?

the formation of balls on the fabric surface (affected by fiber strength)

What is compressibility?

resistance to crushing

What is shrinkage resistance?

recover to original dimension

What is creep?

delay from elongation

What is aging?

resistance to aging

What is mildew resistance?

resistance of mold

What is moth resistance?

resists insect damage

What are care properties?

use and care of garment

What are the four main methods for fiber identification?

visual inspection, burn test, solubility test, microscopy

What is visual inspection?

first step in fiber identification, not possible to use alone for fiber identification, what to inspect : length of fiber, luster, body, texture, hand

What is microscopy?

microscopy is more useful in identifying natural fibers, manufactured fibers are more difficult to identify: look alike, easy to modify their cross section shape and lengthwise appearance in the maufacturing process, positive identification of manufactured fibers is not possible

What is the only natural filament fiber?

silk

What is colorfastness?

ability of a textile structure to retain coloration when exposed to certain conditions