Chp 5: Language
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Last updated 2:54 AM on 7/11/22
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30 Terms
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Language
words or symbols that are created to express meaning
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Problems with Language
Labeling, abstract or unclear language, multiple meanings, polarization, under or overuse of Politically Correct language, profanity
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Characteristics
arbitrary, ambiguous, abstract, negative
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Arbitrary
Words have generally agreed upon meaning (denotative). They allow us to communicate with others.
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Three parts of language
signifier, signified, sign
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Ferdinand de Saussure
a Swiss linguist
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Saussure's theory
Meaning is created inside the language
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Ambiguous
Words do not have absolute meaning
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Connotations
the feelings associated with that word, meanings we give to things through experiences
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Abstract
Language is intangible
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Evasion
avoiding giving details
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Euphemism
using inoffensive words to replace offensive words
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Slang
using informal, nonstandard words
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Jargon
using technical language
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Negative
Language creates a void or separation
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Metaphor
helps us understand through comparison
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Simile
compare through using "like" or "as"
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Synecdoche
uses part to stand for the whole
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Metonyms
use tangible objects to refer to intangible things
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Archetype
uses common experiences to help describe another object
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Mixed metaphors
compare to inconsistent things
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Sapir Whorf Hypothesis
the belief that the labels we use help shape the way we think, our worldview and behavior
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Linguistic Determinism
one's language determines the way one's mind constructs knowledge or thought.
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This influence of language on culture is called
Linguistic Relativism
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Profanity
vulgar and irrelevant language
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Repetition
the practice of repeating words and phrases either immediately following the initial statement or in the same location in a message
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Alliteration
the practice of using the same vowel or consonant sound at the beginning of consecutive words
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Parallelism
the practice of placing related words or phrases in a pattern that highlights what they have in common
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Antithesis
the practice of placing two contrasting ideas side by side in a parallel structure
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Narrative
a story that's told when trying to explain or argue something with an audience
