History Final

Left off on 68

1. What is a federalist system of government (how is power shared)?

State and central(federal) government

2a. What determines how many representatives there are in the House of Representatives?

The population

2b. What determines how many representatives there are in the Senate?

Two senators per state

3. How is the President elected?

The electoral colleges

4. What are the three branches of government and what is each branch’s purpose/job?

Executive- Puts laws into action

Judicial- Decides if laws are constitutional

Legislative- Makes laws

5. What is popular sovereignty?

a government based on the will of the people

6. What is republicanism? (how does government work in a republic?)

A type of government where the people are ruled by elected representatives

7. What is limited government?

The government has only those powers stated in the Constitution and granted to it by the people

8. What is “separation of powers” and why is it necessary?

The separation of branches of government so that no one branch is too powerful. Allows for checks and balances

9. What is the “Rule of Law”?

No one is above the law

10. What is national supremacy?

The Constitution and federal laws overrule state laws

13th Amendment

Banned slavery

14th Amendment

Defined citizenship, granted equal protection of laws, and extended the Bill of Rights

15th Amendment

Outlawed voting discrimination

19th Amendment

allowed women to vote

12. What does the Monroe Doctrine say?

it was a warning to European countries to stay out of Western affairs

13. How did the Supreme Court’s decisions under John Marshall affect the national government? (Know how cases like Marbury v. Madison and McCulloch v. Maryland affected the power of the national/federal government.)

established judicial review, the gov can rule state laws unconstitutional, implied powers should be interpreted broadly, and National supremacy(the gov has more power than the state)

14. What idea is an essential part of a capitalist economic system?

open commerce and private property

15. What is nationalism?

a feeling of intense devotion to one’s country

16. Who was the President during the Nationalist Era?

James Monroe

17. Why was Andrew Jackson’s Presidency associated with the “rise of the common people?”

He was born poor(a common man) and became rich and removed property qualifications for voting

18. What was the Trail of Tears?

Cherokee and other Native Americans were forced by Andrew Jackson from their homes to reservations

19. What did the Indian Removal Act of 1830 say/do?

It forced the five “civilized” tribes into reservations

20. What is the Spoils System?

The practice of giving prominent government roles to supporters

21. What is Manifest Destiny?

The belief that Americans have the God-given right to expand west

22. Be familiar with the painting “American Progress”—what it shows and what ideas it illustrates.

It shows Americans progressing westward and the wilds running away. It supports westward expansion and Manifest Destiny. the woman in the middle is Columbia

23. What is an abolitionist?

a person who wants the end of slavery

24. What did the Missouri Compromise say and do?

admitted Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a non-slave state. It also created the 36’ 30’ parallel

25. What did the Kansas-Nebraska Act say/do?

Repealed the Missouri Compromise and allowed states to vote on whether to be free or slave and caused bleeding Kansas.

26. What did the Compromise of 1850 say/do?

Ammented fugitive slave act. admitted California as a free state, but also admitted Utah and New Mexico as slave states

27. What state was the first to secede after Lincoln’s election?

South Carolina

28. Where was the first conflict in the Civil War?

Fort Sumpter, SC

29. What state seceded after the Battle at Fort Sumter?

Virginia

30. What state split in two parts over differences in the Civil War? What state was created by this split?

The split in Virginia created West Virginia

31. Where was the capital of the Confederacy for the majority of the war?

Richmond, Virginia

32. Who was the president of the U.S. during the Civil War?

Abraham Lincoln

33. Who was the president of the Confederacy during the Civil War?

Jefferson Davis

34. What battle was the bloodiest single-day battle in the Civil War?

Battle of Antietam

35a. What is the Emancipation Proclamation?

Freed slaves in the Confederacy

35b. How did the Emancipation Proclamation change the purpose of the Civil War?

It made the war about slavery, not just unity

36. After what battle was the Emancipation Proclamation issued?

Battle of Antietam

37. In what state was the Gettysburg Address given

Pennsylvania

37b. What is The Gettysburg Address’ key message?

The US had to exemplify the idea that all men are created equal, “by the people for the people”

38. What happened at Appomattox Court House?

General Robert E. Lee surrendered his army to Lieutenant General Ulysses S. Grant

39. What officially abolished slavery throughout the U.S.?

the 13th amendment

40. Who was Andrew Johnson?

The President after Lincoln’s death and was tough on the South. He thought African Americans couldn’t be in power.

41. What was the Freedman’s Bureau?

A government program that protected poor whites and freed slaves after the war by giving them jobs

42. What was the name given to Northerners who came South after the Civil War?

carpetbaggers

43. What did the Compromise of 1877 say? How did it affect Reconstruction?

It removed the military from the South and gave slave states the right to do as they pleased if they stopped denying voting rights to people based on color

44. What were Black Codes?

Laws for African Americans that restricted their rights and ensured white supremacy

45. How did the Jim Crow Era affect African Americans in the South?

It separated white people from black people and gave limited their voting rights

46. What did Plessy v. Ferguson say and do?

Allowed Jim Crow segregation, “Separate but equal”

47. Who coined the term “Gilded Age”

Mark Twain

47b. What does the “Gilded Age” mean?

The US is amazing looking from the outside but is horrible on the inside

48. What inventions helped cities build vertically?

The elevator and the Bessemer Process

Monopoly

A company with total control over an industry

Trust

When one company takes over another, but the original owner still receives money

Stock

Part of a company’s profits people can buy

Corporate

Big corporations, such as Standard Oil, that use unethical business practices to get what they want

50. What is a Robber Baron?

A person who uses exploitative business practices & influences the government to create monopolies.

51. What is vertical integration

buying the means of production to reduce production costs

51b. What is horizontal integration?

buying competing companies to create a monopoly

52. What type of integration did Rockefeller use?

Horizontal integration

53. What type of integration did Carnegie use?

Vertical integration

54. What is laissez-faire government?

the government being “hands-off” in the economy

How does laissez-faire government relate to the government and business in the Gilded Age?

The government was laissez-fair, which led to monopolies

55. Be able to identify elements of political cartoons as well as other images related to the Gilded Age

56. What invention helped unite the U.S. (bringing it closer together) during the Gilded Age?

The Transcontinental Railroad

57. What were some of the societal problems that were part of the Gilded Age?

Child labor, unsafe work, and robber barons

58. What is nativism?

The belief that people who were born in the US are superior to immigrants

59. What is the “Melting Pot?”

the mix of cultures present in the US because of immigrants

60. What type of economy did the U.S. transition to in the Gilded Age?

From agrarian to industrial

61. What are muckrakers?

journalists who exposed problems in American society

62. What is Yellow Journalism?

Using false or exaggerated headlines to encourage people to buy a newspaper

63. Who wrote The Jungle and what industry was it about?

Upton Sinclair wrote about the horrible working conditions of the meatpacking industry

64. Who “wrote” How the Other Half Lives and what was it about?

Jacob Riis wrote about the excessive poverty and slums

65. Who was Ida B. Wells and what things did she do?

She researched lynching and founded the NAACP

66. Know the difference between the ideas and accomplishments of Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. DuBois.

Washington- president of Tuskegee University and believed African Americans should integrate slowly

W.E.B. DuBois- Helped found the NAACP and believed that African Americans should integrate ASAP

67. What is urbanization?

the process of a rural area becoming urban(citylike)

68. What president led us into the Spanish-American War?

William McKinley

69. What were the three parts of President Theodore Roosevelt’s Square Deal?

Conservation, corporate regulation, consumer protection

70. Under whose presidency was the Panama Canal built?

Theodore Roosevelt

71. What were the four causes of WWI?

MANIA

Define/explain the acronemn MANIA

M is for militarism: A policy of building up and strengthening a military for war and using it as a tool for diplomacy.

A is for Alliances: agreements between nations to provide and protect each other

N is for nationalism: extreme pride in one’s own country.

I is for imperialism: extreme pride in one’s country when it takes over another.

A is for assassination: the assassination of Austrian Archduke, Franz Ferdinand

72. What lit the fuse for WWI?

the assasinaion of Archduke Franz Ferdinand

73. What were some of the new military technologies used during WWI?

Trench warfare, mustard gas, semi-automatic guns, airplanes

74. Who was the U.S. President during WWI?

Woodrow Wilson

75. What was the Zimmerman telegram and how did it affect U.S. involvement in WWI?

A telegram sent from Germany to Mexico saying that if peace wasn’t kept with the US, Mexico could fight with Germany in exchange for New Mexico, Texas, and Arizona. It made the US declare war

76. What was the Treaty of Versailles and what did it say?

The Treaty of Versailles was the treaty declared by the big three and said that Germany would pay millions in reparations, lose territory, and have a limited military

77. What are reparations?

The cost of war damages

78. What were the Fourteen Points?

Wilson’s plan to create peace by making the League of Nations, create freedom of the seas, and that countries should create their own government

79. Who said that the “business of America is business?” What does this mean?

President Calvin Coolidge said the prosperity of America depended on it’s business

80. How did the U.S. “return to normalcy” after WWI regarding its foreign policy?

The US returned to isolation

81. How did we characterize the Roaring ‘20s?

A challenge to traditional values

82. What is installment buying and how was it a cause of the Great Depression?

Installment buying was agreeing to pay for something later. It caused many people to go into debt especially because of interest

83. Who were Sacco and Vanzetti and why was their trial so famous?

It convicted two Italians who had no connections to the crime at the time

84. Who was John Scopes? What crime was he charged with?

He was a teacher who taught evolution to protest the separation of church and state

85. What groups did the KKK target beginning in the 1920s?

All foreigners and non-protestants

86. What is the Red Scare?

A societal fear of communists and radicals in the 20’s and 50's

87. What was the result of Prohibition?

Organized crime grows and speakeasies open across the US