Unit 1: Introduction to Anatomy - Concept 1: Biology Review

Vocabulary flashcards covering biological principles, macromolecules, organelles, cell transport, enzymes, DNA structures, cell division, and organizational hierarchy based on Concept 1 notes.

Nucleus

Cell organelle that stores DNA and controls the cell.

Mitochondria

Cell organelle with a folded inner membrane that makes energy (ATP).

Ribosomes

Tiny dots in the cell that make proteins.

Rough ER

Membranes with dots that make and transport proteins.

Smooth ER

Membranes without dots that make lipids and detoxify.

Golgi

Stacked sacs that modify, sort, and package proteins.

Lysosomes

Digestive sacs that break down waste and old parts.

Cytoplasm

Part of the cell where many reactions happen.

Cell Membrane

Selectively permeable structure made of a phospholipid bilayer and membrane proteins that controls what enters and leaves the cell.

Cytoskeleton

Cellular structure responsible for shape, support, and movement.

Centrioles

Cell structures that help with cell division.

Carbohydrates

Macromolecules that provide quick energy.

Lipids

Macromolecules that provide long-term energy, insulation, and membranes.

Proteins

Macromolecules responsible for structure, movement, transport, and enzymes.

Nucleic Acids

DNA/RNA macromolecules that carry genetic information.

DNA

Genetic instructions for the cell.

Gene

A section of DNA with instructions for making proteins.

Chromosome

Tightly packed DNA.

Enzymes

Molecules that speed up chemical reactions, are specific to certain substances, and are not used up during the reaction.

Active Site

The location on an enzyme where the substance binds.

Phospholipid Bilayer

The double-layered structure that makes up the cell membrane.

Interphase

Cell cycle phase consisting of G1 (cell grows), S (DNA is copied), and G2 (cell prepares to divide).

Prophase

Mitosis phase where chromosomes become visible.

Metaphase

Mitosis phase where chromosomes line up.

Anaphase

Mitosis phase where chromosomes separate.

Telophase

Mitosis phase where two nuclei form.

Cytokinesis

Stage of the cell cycle where the cell splits into 2 cells.

Form Dictates Function

Principle that a cell's structure or shape helps it perform its job, such as red blood cells being shaped to carry oxygen.

Levels of Organization

Biological hierarchy ordered from smallest to largest: Atom -> Molecule -> Organelle -> Cell -> Tissue -> Organ -> Organ System -> Organism.