all sec 3

Who had a Top 5 hit in 1980 with the song "Drivin' My Life Away"?

Eddie Rabbitt (1941-1998).

What common musical theme is expressed in the lyrics of "Drivin' My Life Away"?

The belief that the road can take us to some place or something better than our current situation.

Who risked her freedom and life multiple times by acting as a "conductor" along the Underground Railroad?

Harriet Tubman

What constellation, also known as the "Drinking Gourd," serves as a reliable way to locate the North Star?

The "Big Dipper"

Why did enslaved people in the 19th-century American South rely on songs rather than written language to communicate?

They risked being maimed or killed if they learned to read and write.

What two distinct messages were communicated through the spirituals sung by enslaved people?

Hopes for religious salvation

Longing/planning for release from slavery

For what two economic and behavioral reasons did Southern slaveholders actually encourage singing?

It made workers more productive by coordinating physical labor rhythm.

They believed it kept minds occupied, reducing complaining and plotting

What critical element of the spirituals were slaveholders completely oblivious to?

The coded instructions for escape.

What was the geographic span of the Underground Railroad network?

It stretched from Mexico to Canada.

What popular pseudonym was used for a rescuer on the Underground Railroad, most famously associated with Harriet Tubman?

Moses

What are the estimated life dates for the famous conductor Harriet Tubman?

1822?-1913

Besides music, what domestic item could be specially designed and hung out to dry to communicate secret messages?

Quilts

The Underground Railroad was a "subversive humanitarian movement" that had developed an intricate network of…

Escape routes, safe houses, coded language, and secret information

What spiritual was so famous that simply humming it signaled an upcoming secret meeting?

"Steal Away"

What two environmental cues in the lyrics indicate the right time to begin traveling?

When the sun goes down

When the first quail calls

According to the song's instructions, what landscape feature serves as a "mighty good road"?

The river bank

What specific physical markers on the trail "will show you the way"?

Dead trees

What phrase in the lyrics serves as a signature or marker for the conductor leading the way?

Left foot, peg foot traveling on

What geographical transition occurs at the end of the first river path?

The river ends between two hills, leading to another river on the other side

Which band reached the No. 1 spot on the charts with the 1971 song "Horse With No Name"?

America

Which specific star is located using the outer edge of the Big Dipper to guide fugitives northward?

Polaris (the North Star)

Which member of the band America composed the song "A Horse with No Name"?

Dewey Bunnell (b. 1952)

What childhood location inspired the desert imagery in the lyrics of "A Horse with No Name"?

Vandenberg Air Force Base in California

What specific mode of travel through the desert is described in the song's "A Horse with No Name's" lyrics?

A journey on horseback

Which two U.S. states did Dewey Bunnell drive through that inspired the cactus and heat imagery in the song "A Horse with No Name"?

Arizona and New Mexico

What kind of thematic message did composer Dewey Bunnell intend to include at the end of the song "A Horse with No Name"?

An environmental message

What did composer Dewey Bunnell realize almost thirty years later that the anonymous horse in the song "A Horse with No Name" subconsciously symbolized?

A vehicle to get away from the confusion and chaos of life to a peaceful, quiet place

What real-life pressure was the band America experiencing when Dewey Bunnell wrote the song "A Horse with No Name"?

The stress of recording their debut album

In what year did singer-songwriter Tracy Chapman release her hit song "Fast Car"?

1988

Tracy Chapman's birth year and the release year of the song Fast Car

Born 1964; Fast Car released in 1988

The five distinct pressures and structural challenges addressed in the lyrics of Fast Car

Poverty, alcoholism, generational cycles, the consequences of bad choices, and hope versus heartbreak

Chapman's perspective on the relationship between her songwriting and personal biography

She believes everything written is partially autobiographical, but clarifies the song is a story about a couple trying to make a life together

The quote from an interviewer describing how listeners personally connected with Chapman's storytelling

"Someone told me at one point that they thought I've been reading their mail, they were saying 'You seem know my story.'"

The childhood age when Chapman's parents divorced and the family's financial situation

Age four; her mother did not ask for alimony, so money was tight

The first instrument Chapman used in grade school and what happened to it

A ukulele, which her best friend at the time stole from her

The purchase price of the first guitar Chapman acquired to write songs

$20

The geographic location where Chapman first encountered folk singers on a scholarship

A private prep school in Connecticut

The specific high school roles held by the individual who coordinated the collection for Chapman's new guitar

Her soccer coach, who was also the school chaplain

The brand of guitar bought for Chapman by the school community and how fast the funds were raised

A Fender guitar; the money was raised "in about ten minutes"

The university Chapman attended for college and the academic major she planned to pursue

Tufts University; planned to get her Masters in Anthropology

The city square where Chapman busked on a freezing pre-Thanksgiving night, and her total earnings

Harvard Square; made 20 or 25 dollars (which paid for Chinese food)

The Tufts classmate who recognized Chapman's talent and the identity of his famous father

Brian Koppelman (thanked); son of Charles Koppelman, the "K" in the music-publishing giant SBK

The primary reason Chapman delayed signing her contract with SBK for six months

She wanted to graduate from college first

The specific musical era during which Chapman believed her socially conscious songs were unmarketable

The disco era (specifically citing her song "Talkin' bout a Revolution")

The major record label Chapman ultimately signed with through the assistance of SBK

Elektra

The manager who successfully persuaded Chapman to perform as a solo acoustic act on tour

Elliott Roberts

The precise date and London venue of the massive festival celebrating Nelson Mandela's 70th birthday

June 11, 1988 at Wembley Stadium

The political purpose of the 1988 London festival

To increase public awareness of the restrictive apartheid government in South Africa

The famous artist whose technical mishap forced Chapman to take the stage for a second time

Stevie Wonder

The mantra Chapman repeated to manage her stage fright before her second performance

"Breathe in, breathe out"

The international broadcast scope and audience size at Wembley Stadium

70,000-person audience; broadcast in 60 countries

The initial sales expectations of Elektra versus the ultimate global sales achievement of the album

Expected 200,000 copies; actual sales jumped to twenty million (20,000,000)

The peak billboard chart positions achieved by the single Fast Car and the debut album in August 1988

Single reached No. 6 on the Hot 100; album reached No. 1

The three specific Grammy Awards won by Tracy Chapman at the 31st annual ceremony

Best Female Pop Vocal Performance (Fast Car) Best Contemporary Folk Recording (Tracy Chapman) Best New Artist

The specific structural element of her music that Chapman believes causes people to classify her as "folk"

The acoustic guitar part

The country music artist who covered Fast Car in 2023, and his peak chart placement

Luke Combs; reached No. 2 on the Billboard Hot 100

The historic milestone Chapman achieved at the 2023 Country Music Association (CMA) Awards

Became the first Black songwriter ever to win Song of the Year

The historic duet year and ceremony where Chapman and Combs shared the stage

The 2024 Grammy Awards ceremony

The specific pop star noted singing along in the audience who was born the same year as Chapman's first Grammy appearance

Taylor Swift (born in 1989)

Music critic Lindsay Zoladz's observation regarding the spaciousness of the 2024 live performance

The song felt "larger than the limitations of genre, welcoming and expansive enough to hold every single person it had ever touched."

The birth year of country artist Luke Combs as listed in the text

1990

The birth year of Tufts classmate Brian Koppelman

1966

The specific calendar year of the Nelson Mandela photograph referenced in the captions

1994 (Mandela was released from prison six years after the concert)

The identity of the specific publication Chapman interviewed with regarding her surprise entry onto the country music charts

Billboard Magazine

The precise corporate scale status of SBK at the time of Chapman's discovery

The largest independent music-publishing company in the world

The specific three-word phrase Chapman used to describe the functional symbolism of the "Fast Car"

A "symbolic vehicle for escape"

Who performed at the Wembley Stadium?

Sting, Dire Straits, Whitney Houston, the Bee Gees, the Eurythmics, Salt-N-Pepa, Simple Minds, and Stevie Wonder

Comb's version was nominated for ______, which prompted a duet:

"Best Country Solo Performance"

What is the title and release year of Listening Companion 10?

"Star Trek (Main Title)" (1966)

Who is the composer of the "Star Trek (Main Title)" theme?

Alexander Courage

For which original Star Trek pilot episode was this specific main title theme originally recorded?

"The Cage" (the first pilot, recorded in early 1965)

What specific warning or instruction did Gene Roddenberry give Alexander Courage regarding the score before "The Cage" was finished?

He told Courage not to make it sound like traditional sci-fi space music ("bling-bling-blung-blung-blung"), but rather an adventure score.

How did Alexander Courage alter his instrumentation based on Roddenberry's directive?

He avoided all electronic or synthesizer-produced music and focused strictly on standard acoustic instruments.

When did the recording session for the main title take place?

January 22, 1965

How many musicians/instruments made up the ensemble for the main title's recording session?

A 29-piece ensemble

What unusual woodwind instrument (similar to a bass oboe) was included in the 29-piece ensemble?

A Heckelphone

Who provided the non-instrumental vocal line in Courage's 29-piece ensemble?

A soprano vocalist

What woodwind instruments made up the Star Trek main title ensemble?

3 Flutes, 1 Oboe, 1 Heckelphone (similar to a bass oboe), 2 Clarinets, 2 Bass clarinets, 1 Contrabass clarinet

What brass instruments made up the Star Trek main title ensemble?

3 Horns, 3 Trumpets, 3 Trombones, 1 Tuba

What percussion, rhythm, and string instruments were used in the Star Trek main title ensemble?

4 Percussionists, 1 Guitar, 1 Organ, 1 Harp, 1 Bass

Who was the soprano singer featured in the original Star Trek main title recording?

Loulie Jean Norman (1913-2005)

What vocal technique did Loulie Jean Norman use in the recording, and what syllables did she sing?

Wordless voice (singing without text); she uttered the syllables "ah" or "oh."

What effect did Alexander Courage feel the wordless voice gave to the main theme melody?

It gave the melody "a strange kind of unearthly sound."

How did production chief Herbert F. Solow describe the effect of placing a "soaring human voice" above the orchestra?

He felt it created an ethereal human quality that sent a "door of welcome" out into the galaxy.

What union did Loulie Jean Norman belong to, and how did its rules differ from the musicians' union (AFM) in 1966?

She belonged to the Screen Actors Guild (SAG), which required rerun fees for members, unlike the American Federation of Musicians (AFM).

Why was Loulie Jean Norman's vocal track replaced by an instrument in Seasons 2 and 3 of Star Trek?

As a cost-saving measure to avoid paying recurring SAG rerun fees for each subsequent season's re-recordings.

What major change appeared on the cue sheets regarding the authorship of "Star Trek (Main Title)" in Season 2?

The authorship was credited to Gene Roddenberry as well as Alexander Courage.

Why was Gene Roddenberry added as a co-writer/author for the main theme in Season 2?

He wrote written lyrics that fit the melody of the soprano's theme line.

What are the lyrics Gene Roddenberry wrote for the Star Trek theme?

"Beyond the rim of the star light, My love is wandering in star flight. I know he'll find in star clustered reaches, Love, strange love, a star woman teaches. I know his journey ends never. His star trek will go on forever. But tell him while he wanders his [starry sea], Remember, remember me."

Did Gene Roddenberry ever intend for his Star Trek lyrics to actually be sung and recorded for the show?

No, he had no intention that the main title would be recorded with his words.

What was Gene Roddenberry's primary motivation for writing lyrics to the Star Trek theme?

To claim half of the royalty payments as the official "lyricist" for the piece.

How were Roddenberry's lyrics generally received, and how did Alexander Courage feel about his action?

The lyrics were widely considered "artistically disappointing," and the legal tactic made Courage very unhappy.

What are the three main components that make up the famous Star Trek main title cue?

1. "Space Theme" (A) 2. "Enterprise Fanfare" (B) 3. "Beguine" (C)

What musical performance technique is required of the woodwind instruments in the "Space Theme," and why?

Played without vibrato to enhance its suspenseful, unearthly quality.

What physical sonic feature opens the "Space Theme" component?

A series of slowly descending bell-like sounds.

Which instruments play the descending bell-like line in the "Space Theme," and what is the pacing between notes?

Harp and vibraphone, moving at a slow progression of two beats apart between notes.

What specific melodic intervals are featured in the harp/vibraphone line of the "Space Theme"?

A perfect fourth downward, a minor third upward, and a minor sixth downward.