NRS 4031 Peds Quiz 1

germ layers: endoderm (internal layer) consists of

alveolar (lung) cells

thyroid cells

pancreatic (digestive) cells

germ layers: mesoderm (middle layer) consists of

cardiac muscle cells

skeletal muscle cells

tubule cells of the kidney

RBCs

smooth muscle cells (in gut)

germ layers: ectoderm (external layer) consists of

skin cells of epidermis

neuron on brain

pigment cells

organogenesis is

differentiation of cells forming the rudiments of skin, sense receptors, nerve cells, muscles, circulatory system, and internal organs

once organogenesis is complete, the developing organism is known as

fetus vs embryo

how long is the fetal stage?

8 weeks until birth

neonatal period 1-4 weeks: weight

10% weight decrease and a higher percentage of fluid

neonatal period 1-4 weeks: behavior

reflexive (moro, palmar) and flexed posture

infant primitive reflexes: rooting

turns head toward cheek touch (disappears ~4 months)

infant primitive reflexes: sucking

strong sucking when object placed in mouth (disappears ~4months)

infant primitive reflexes: moro

startle response with arms/legs extending (disappears ~4-6 months)

infant primitive reflexes: palmar grasp

hand grasps when palm is touched (disappears ~6 months)

infant primitive reflexes: plantar grasp

toes curl when sole of foot is touched (disappears ~9-12 months)

infant primitive reflexes: babinski

toes fan when sole stroked (normal up to 12 months)

fontanelle closures

anterior ~12-18 months

posterior ~2-3 months

infant physical features

large head, less proportionate to the body length

short neck, weak muscle tone (myelination)

rounded abdomen

infant major cranial sutures: metopic

between the two frontal bones

fuses: 3-9 months

infant major cranial sutures: coronal

extend from each to ear between the frontal and parietal bones

infant major cranial sutures: sagittal suture

runs front to back, between the two parietal bones

infant major cranial sutures: lamboid

run along the back of the skull, between the parietal bones and occipital bone

cranial sutures

metopic, coronal, sagittal, lambdoid

determine the age range: greater extension of legs

1-2 months

determine the age range: momentary lifting of head

1-2 months

determine the age range: smiles spontaneously

1-2 months

determine the age range: follows object

1-2 months

determine the age range: can lift head and chest when prone

3-4 months

determine the age range: legs extend

3-4 months

determine the age range: hands to midline

3-4 months

determine the age range: reflexive behavior replaced with intent (palmar, grasps)

3-4 months

determine the age range: social language of ‘aah’ and laughing

3-4 months

determine the age range: head control

5-6 months

determine the age range: rolls front to back, back to front (tummy time)

5-6 months

determine the age range: raking grasp

5-6 months

determine the age range: able to roll

by 7 months

determine the age range: able to sit (minimal support) in tripod position

by 7 months

determine the age range: reach, grasp, transfer object

by 7 months

determine the age range: vowel sounds, babble

by 7 months

determine the age range: variation in emotional responses

by 7 months

determine the age range: pivot, creep/crawl

by 7 months

determine the age range: sits

by 8-6 months

determine the age range: crawls

by 8-6 months

determine the age range: cruises (stands using an object and walks along it)

by 8-6 months

determine the age range: pincer grasp, crude (small puff ball)

by 8-6 months

determine the age range: repetitive consonants (Mama, Dada)

by 8-6 months

determine the age range: social play, interactive, responds to name

by 8-6 months

determine the age range: peek-a-boo (object permanance)

by 8-6 months

determine the age range: walks with some assistance

by 11-12 months

determine the age range: pincer, refined

by 11-12 months

determine the age range: vocabulary of 3-5 words

by 11-12 months

determine the age range: holds spoon and cup

by 11-12 months

what happens to BW, HC, and length from 0-6 months?

rapid growth: double BW, 0.5 in/month for HC, 2cm length

what happens to BW, HC, and length during 6-12 months?

rapid but slows: triple BW, ¼ in/month HC, 1cm length

general considerations of second year

growth is slowed

appetite changes

mobility and exploration (improved dexterity)

determine the age range: walking is mastered (not stable, fall risk)

12-18 months (usually 14)

determine the age range: walks up stairs

12-18 months

determine the age range: follows simple commands (give x to y)

12-18 months

determine the age range: stacks 2-3 blocks (learning order)

12-18 months

determine the age range: expanding vocabulary (pointing, gesturing)

12-18 months

determine the age range: begins to run (stiffly)

18-24 months

determine the age range: vocabulary 10-100 words with 2-3 word phrases

18-24 months

determine the age range: able to feed self

18-24 months

determine the age range: toilet training readiness signs

18-24 months

determine the age range: can stack 4+ blocks (denver developmental screening test or DDST)

18-24 months

determine the age range: gait (bowlegs)

18-24 months

determine the age range: phrase with subject C verb (self a pronoun)

by 24 months

determine the age range: scribbles

by 24 months

determine the age range: 8 cube tower

by 24 months

determine the age range: can walk up and down stairs

by 24 months

determine the age range: sits for story

by 24 months

determine the age range: distinct interests

by 24 months

determine the age range: about ½ adult height

by 24 months

determine the age range: head about 90% of adult size (but premature closure of fontanelle sutures prevents growth to 90%)

by 24 months

determine the age range: separation anxiety (bedtime/transitional objects)

by 24 months

determine the age range: 2 step commands

by 24 months

determine the age range: growth slows

24-36 months or preschool

determine the age range: stairs with alternating feet

24-36 months or preschool

determine the age range: vertical and horizontal stacks

24-36 months or preschool

determine the age range: parallel lines vs cross, imitate circular shape

24-36 months or preschool

determine the age range: puts things ‘away’

24-36 months or preschool

determine the age range: BW quadruples

30 months

determine the age range: toilet training (issues holding, controlling)

24-36 months or preschool

determine the age range: parallel play (imitation)

24-36 months or preschool

determine the age range: skill acquisition (play)

preschooler (36-60 months)

determine the age range: language acquisition, understandable speech, stuttering

preschooler (36-60 months)

determine the age range: torso slims, legs lengthen

preschooler (36-60 months)

determine the age range: vision 20/40, 20/30, 20/20

preschooler (36-60 months)

determine the age range: handedness (righty or lefty)

preschooler (36-60 months)

determine the age range: language 2000 words

preschooler (36-60 months)

important anticipatory guidance 2-3 years old

safety: supervision in pools, car seat

nutrition: change to milk (whole milk at 12 months), choking, bite size

picky eaters

determine the age range: slower, steady growth (2 in/year, 2-3kg/year)

school age

determine the age range: permanent teeth eruption begins

school age (~6 years)

determine the age range: improved coordination and motor skills

school age

determine the age range: growth spurt towards end of this stage

school age

piaget concrete operational stage for school age

logical thinking about concrete objects

mastery of conservation, classification

erikson: industry (cheat to win) vs inferiority in school age

developing competence and confidence

peer comparison is important

determine the age range: reading and writing skills expand

school age

determine the age range: improved problem solving

school age

determine the age range: participates in team sports, hobbies

school age

determine the age range: growing independence from parents

school age

determine the age range: friendships and peer groups increase in influence

school age