Sheep Heart Lab
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100 Terms
In a sheep, what is equivalent to human superior?
cranial/anterior
In a sheep, what is equivalent to human inferior?
caudal/posterior
In a sheep, what is equivalent to human anterior/ventral?
ventral
In a sheep, what is equivalent to human posterior/dorsal?
dorsal
How is the sheep heart similar to the human heart?
same chambers, valves and vessels
What major venous difference does a sheep heart have?
two anterior vena cavae
What is the human equivalent of the sheep anterior venae cavae?
superior vena cava
Which chamber receives deoxygenated blood from the body?
right atrium
Which chamber pumps blood to the lungs?
right ventricle
Which chamber receives oxygenated blood from the lungs?
left atrium
Which chamber pumps blood to the body?
left ventricle
Which chamber has the thickest wall?
left ventricle
Why is the left ventricle thickest?
pumps blood around whole body
Which ventricle has the thinner wall?
right ventricle
Why is the right ventricle thinner?
only pumps blood to the lungs
What is the wall thickness of the atria compared with ventricles?
thinner
What type of blood is in the right atrium?
deoxygenated
What type of blood is in the right ventricle?
deoxygenated
What type of blood is in the left atrium?
oxygenated
What type of blood is in the left ventricle?
oxygenated
What separates the right and left ventricles?
interventricular septum
What is the apex of the heart?
pointed inferior end
Which ventricle forms most of the apex?
left ventricle
What are trabeculae carneae?
irregular muscular ridges inside ventricles
Which ventricle contains the moderator band?
right ventricle
What is the moderator band made of?
cardiac muscle containing purkinje fibres
Does the moderator band mechanically control the valve?
no
How many papillary muscles are typically in the right ventricle?
three
How many papillary muscles are typically in the left ventricle?
two
What is the most ventral major vessel at the base of the sheep heart?
pulmonary trunk
Which ventricle does the pulmonary trunk arise from?
right ventricle
Where does the pulmonary trunk carry blood?
to lungs
Is blood in the pulmonary trunk oxygenated or deoxygenated?
deoxygenated
What is the largest artery leaving the heart?
aorta
Which ventricle does the aorta arise from?
left ventricle
Where does the aorta carry blood?
to the body
Is blood in the aorta oxygenated or deoxygenated?
oxygenated
How many cusps does the aortic valve have?
three
How many cusps does the pulmonary valve have?
three
What artery branches from the aortic arch in the sheep?
brachiocephalic artery
What is the ligamentum arteriosum?
fibrous remnant of the fetal ductus arteriousus
What did the ductus arteriosus connect in the fetus?
pulmonary trunk and aorta
Why was the ductus arteriosus important in the fetus?
bypassed the lungs
Why can fetal blood bypass the lungs?
fetal lungs are not functioning for gas exchange
What does the ligamentum arteriosum connect in the adult sheep heart?
pulmonary trunk to aorta
What is an auricle?
atria appendage
What is the internal surface of the auricle like?
irregular and muscular
What is the internal surface of the main atrium like?
smooth
How many venae cavae are present in the sheep heart?
three
What are the three venae cavae in the sheep?
left anterior, middle posterior, right anterior
What do the venae cavae carry?
deoxygenated blood to right atrium
Where do pulmonary veins open?
left atrium
What do pulmonary veins carry?
oxygenated blood
Where do pulmonary veins come from?
lungs
How many pulmonary veins are usually visible in the sheep heart?
two
What is unusual about pulmonary veins compared with most veins?
carry oxygenated blood
What are the two atrioventricular valves?
tricuspid and mitral
Where is the tricuspid valve?
between right atrium and right ventricle
How many cusps does the tricuspid valve have?
three
Where is the mitral valve?
between left atrium and left ventricle
How many cusps does the mitral valve have?
two
What are the two ventricular outlet valves?
pulmonary and aortic valves
Where is the pulmonary valve?
between right ventricle and pulmonary trunk
Where is the aortic valve?
between left ventricle and aorta
How many cusps do semilunar valves have?
three
What are chordae tendineae?
tendinous chords attached to av valve cusps
What are chordae tendineae attached to?
papillary muscles
What do papillary muscles do?
prevent av valves from inverting
When do papillary muscles contract?
during ventricular systole
What happens to the chordae tendineae during systole?
become taut
What happens to the chordae tendineae during diastole?
loose
Do papillary muscles open the AV valves?
no
Why don't outlet valves need chordae tendineae?
pocket shaped cusps prevent backflow
What is diastole?
relaxation and filling of the heart
What is systole?
contraction of the heart
What happens during ventricular systole?
ventricles contract and eject blood
What happens during ventricular diastole?
ventricles relax and fill
What happens to AV valves during ventricular systole?
close
What happens to semilunar valves during ventricular systole?
open
What happens to AV valves during ventricular diastole?
open
What happens to semilunar valves during ventricular diastole?
close
Which valves close to produce "lub"?
tricuspid and mitral (av)
Which valves close to produce "dup"?
pulmlonary and aortic (semilunar)
During a cardiac cycle, how many times are all four valves closed?
twice
Which chamber has the highest pressure?
left ventricle
Which chamber has medium pressure?
right ventricle
Which chambers have low pressure?
atria
Approximate pressure range of the left ventricle?
5-120 mmhg
Approximate pressure range of the aorta?
80-120 mmhg
Approximate pressure in the right atrium?
5 mmhg
Approximate pressure in the left atrium?
8 mmhg
Approximate pressure range of the right ventricle?
2-27 mmhg
Why does the left ventricle generate the highest pressure?
pumps blood through systemic circuit
Where is the fossa ovalis located?
ineratrial septum
What was the foramen ovale used for in the fetus?
allowed blood to pass from right atrium to left atrium
What closes the foramen ovale after birth?
membrane forming the fossa ovalis
Which atria were connected by the fetal foramen ovale?
right and left atria
Where do cardiac veins drain?
right atrium
What type of blood do cardiac veins carry?
deoxygenated blood
Where are the openings of cardiac veins found?
wall of right atrium