807-813 RP

1926 event in Britain where coal miners stopped working, leading to other unions supporting them. Failed effort, lost popular support.

General Strike

First British Prime Minister from the Labour party, implemented worker rights and welfare programs post WW1.

MacDonald

Region in Germany where France took control in 1922-1923 due to Germany's inability to pay reparations.

Ruhr

Plan to revive the German economy by providing US loans to Germany for reparations, which facilitated a circular flow of money.

Dawes

The economic crisis that began with the US stock market crash in 1929 and continued through the 1930s.

Great Depression

French political alliance after WW1 uniting republicans, communists, socialists, and radicals against the conservative right.

Popular Front

A political system with complete government control over citizens' lives, facilitated by communication and transportation technologies.

Totalitarianism

A far-right political system under a dictator emphasizing extreme nationalism and intolerance of opposition, allowing capitalism.

Fascism

Lenin's 1921 policy re-establishing limited economic freedom to rebuild agriculture and industry.

New Economic Policy

Stalin's policy aimed at rebuilding the Soviet economy by improving heavy industry and farm output.

Five Year Plan

Stalin's policy that transformed individual farms into large collective operations controlled by the government.

Collectivization

Wealthy Russian peasants who opposed Stalin's agricultural policies and were eliminated during his rule.

Kulaks

The Communist Party newspaper that served as propaganda, ironically translating to 'truth'.

Pravda

Russian filmmaker who used his skills to create propaganda that supported totalitarian authority.

Sergei Eisenstein

Mass arrests and executions under Stalin from 1936 to 1938 aimed at eliminating opposition.

The Great Terror/Purge

Mussolini's private fascist army that attacked socialists and disrupted opposition.

Black Shirts (Squadristi)

Fascist after-work social clubs used in Italy as part of totalitarian control over people's lives.

Il Dopalavoro

Agreement between Mussolini and the Pope recognizing Mussolini's government in exchange for financial compensation.

Lateran Pact

Hitler's expansionist theory seeking 'living space' for the German people through territorial acquisition.

Lebensraum

Adolf Hitler's book written during incarceration outlining his beliefs and goals for Germany.

Mein Kampf

Nazi ultra-militaristic private army, also known as stormtroopers, with elite forces called the SS.

Brown Shirts (SA)

Nazi Germany's propaganda minister who played a key role in the persecution of Jews.

(Joseph) Goebbels

Filmmaker who created documentary propaganda for Hitler, including 'The Triumph of the Will'.

Leni Riefenstahl

Organizations established to indoctrinate German youth with Nazi beliefs, showcasing totalitarian control.

Hitler Youth

1935 laws defining Jews' status and stripping citizenship from non-German individuals.

Nuremberg Laws

November 9, 1938 event where mobs attacked Jewish property and terrorized Jewish people across Germany.

Kristallnacht

1942 meeting where the Nazi plan for the 'Final Solution' and use of concentration camps was decided.

Wannsee Conference

Methodical plan by Hitler for the extermination of Jews, non-conformists, and other targeted groups.

Holocaust

System where nations act together to maintain peace, discussed before WWII but ineffective.

Collective Security

Treaties like the Locarno Pact and Kellog Briand Pact from the 1920s that aimed to ensure peace but failed.

Paper Agreements

African country that resisted Italian imperialism in the late 19th century but was invaded by Italy in 1935.

Ethiopia

Conflict in the 1930s involving General Franco's fascist forces against the republican government.

Spanish Civil War

The alliance of Germany, Italy, and Japan during World War II.

Axis Powers

Spanish town bombed during the civil war, famously depicted in Picasso's artwork.

Guernica

Demilitarized region occupied by Hitler in 1936, signifying pre-WWII aggression overlooked by the League.

Rhineland

1938 conference where European leaders attempted to appease Hitler by conceding the Sudetenland.

Munich

British Prime Minister who endorsed appeasement and believed he secured 'Peace For Our Time'.

(Neville) Chamberlain

Temporary non-aggression agreement between Germany and Russia before WWII.

Nazi-Soviet Pact

Country invaded by Germany on September 1, 1939, leading to the declaration of war and start of WWII.

Poland

Fast-moving warfare strategy used by Germany to quickly defeat opponents by coordinated attacks.

Blitzkrieg

The 'Free French' movement led by General Charles De Gaulle during WWII.

Resistance

British statesman who led Britain predominantly during World War II.

(Winston) Churchill

British term for the German air raids on cities during World War II.

The Blitz

The German air force operating before and during World War II.

Luftwaffe

June 6, 1944, when Allied forces launched a massive invasion of Normandy during WWII.

D-Day