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45 Terms

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1926 event in Britain where coal miners stopped working, leading to other unions supporting them. Failed effort, lost popular support.

General Strike

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First British Prime Minister from the Labour party, implemented worker rights and welfare programs post WW1.

MacDonald

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Region in Germany where France took control in 1922-1923 due to Germany's inability to pay reparations.

Ruhr

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Plan to revive the German economy by providing US loans to Germany for reparations, which facilitated a circular flow of money.

Dawes

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The economic crisis that began with the US stock market crash in 1929 and continued through the 1930s.

Great Depression

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French political alliance after WW1 uniting republicans, communists, socialists, and radicals against the conservative right.

Popular Front

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A political system with complete government control over citizens' lives, facilitated by communication and transportation technologies.

Totalitarianism

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A far-right political system under a dictator emphasizing extreme nationalism and intolerance of opposition, allowing capitalism.

Fascism

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Lenin's 1921 policy re-establishing limited economic freedom to rebuild agriculture and industry.

New Economic Policy

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Stalin's policy aimed at rebuilding the Soviet economy by improving heavy industry and farm output.

Five Year Plan

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Stalin's policy that transformed individual farms into large collective operations controlled by the government.

Collectivization

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Wealthy Russian peasants who opposed Stalin's agricultural policies and were eliminated during his rule.

Kulaks

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The Communist Party newspaper that served as propaganda, ironically translating to 'truth'.

Pravda

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Russian filmmaker who used his skills to create propaganda that supported totalitarian authority.

Sergei Eisenstein

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Mass arrests and executions under Stalin from 1936 to 1938 aimed at eliminating opposition.

The Great Terror/Purge

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Mussolini's private fascist army that attacked socialists and disrupted opposition.

Black Shirts (Squadristi)

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Fascist after-work social clubs used in Italy as part of totalitarian control over people's lives.

Il Dopalavoro

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Agreement between Mussolini and the Pope recognizing Mussolini's government in exchange for financial compensation.

Lateran Pact

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Hitler's expansionist theory seeking 'living space' for the German people through territorial acquisition.

Lebensraum

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Adolf Hitler's book written during incarceration outlining his beliefs and goals for Germany.

Mein Kampf

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Nazi ultra-militaristic private army, also known as stormtroopers, with elite forces called the SS.

Brown Shirts (SA)

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Nazi Germany's propaganda minister who played a key role in the persecution of Jews.

(Joseph) Goebbels

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Filmmaker who created documentary propaganda for Hitler, including 'The Triumph of the Will'.

Leni Riefenstahl

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Organizations established to indoctrinate German youth with Nazi beliefs, showcasing totalitarian control.

Hitler Youth

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1935 laws defining Jews' status and stripping citizenship from non-German individuals.

Nuremberg Laws

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November 9, 1938 event where mobs attacked Jewish property and terrorized Jewish people across Germany.

Kristallnacht

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1942 meeting where the Nazi plan for the 'Final Solution' and use of concentration camps was decided.

Wannsee Conference

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Methodical plan by Hitler for the extermination of Jews, non-conformists, and other targeted groups.

Holocaust

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System where nations act together to maintain peace, discussed before WWII but ineffective.

Collective Security

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Treaties like the Locarno Pact and Kellog Briand Pact from the 1920s that aimed to ensure peace but failed.

Paper Agreements

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African country that resisted Italian imperialism in the late 19th century but was invaded by Italy in 1935.

Ethiopia

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Conflict in the 1930s involving General Franco's fascist forces against the republican government.

Spanish Civil War

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The alliance of Germany, Italy, and Japan during World War II.

Axis Powers

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Spanish town bombed during the civil war, famously depicted in Picasso's artwork.

Guernica

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Demilitarized region occupied by Hitler in 1936, signifying pre-WWII aggression overlooked by the League.

Rhineland

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1938 conference where European leaders attempted to appease Hitler by conceding the Sudetenland.

Munich

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British Prime Minister who endorsed appeasement and believed he secured 'Peace For Our Time'.

(Neville) Chamberlain

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Temporary non-aggression agreement between Germany and Russia before WWII.

Nazi-Soviet Pact

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Country invaded by Germany on September 1, 1939, leading to the declaration of war and start of WWII.

Poland

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Fast-moving warfare strategy used by Germany to quickly defeat opponents by coordinated attacks.

Blitzkrieg

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The 'Free French' movement led by General Charles De Gaulle during WWII.

Resistance

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British statesman who led Britain predominantly during World War II.

(Winston) Churchill

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British term for the German air raids on cities during World War II.

The Blitz

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The German air force operating before and during World War II.

Luftwaffe

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June 6, 1944, when Allied forces launched a massive invasion of Normandy during WWII.

D-Day