AP World Unit 9

Population explosion

The rapid growth of the world's human population during the past century, attended by ever-shorter doubling times and accelerating rates of increase

Green Revolution

Rapid diffusion of new agricultural technology, especially new high-yield seeds and fertilizers.

one-child family policy

in 1978, in order to control expanding chinese population and said each family could have one child, very hard to enforce in rural areas and policy not unified in all provinces

Age of Fossil Fuels

Time period in which man used fossil fuels as a main source of power

Second-wave feminism

Women's rights movement that revived in the 1960s with a different agenda than earlier women's suffrage movements; second-wave feminists demanded equal rights for women in employment and education, women's right to control their own bodies, and the end of patriarchal domination.

Influenza pandemic

1918 global outbreak of influenza, a highly contagious viral infection, killing as many as 30 million people worldwide.

HIV/AIDS

Virus that destroys the immune system that should protect the body from diseases. The disease is passed from person to person through sexual acts, blood transfusions, used hypodermic needles, or from mother to child during birth.

Ebola

A contagious viral disease originating in Africa. It is transmitted by blood and body fluids and causes body organs and vessels to leak blood, usually resulting in death.

Alzheimer's

A neurological disease that slowly erases the memory and capabilities of the victim.

climate change

Change in the statistical properties of the climate system when considered over periods of decades

Paris Climate Agreement

An agreement within the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change dealing with greenhouse gas emissions mitigation, adaptation and finance starting in the year 2020.

World Trade Organization

Administers the rules governing trade between its 144 members. Helps producers, importers, and exporters conduct their business and ensure that trade flows smoothly.

NAFTA

A trade agreement between Canada, the United States and Mexico that encourages free trade between these North American countries.

Economic globalization

The increasing integration and interdependence of national economies around the world

Association of Southeast Asian Nations

Multinational organization that cooperates economically by lowering trade barriers, such as, tariffs, to encourage commerce between member nations.

Transnational corporations

A company that conducts research, operates factories, and sells products in many countries, not just where its headquarters or shareholders are located.

Export processing zone

areas where governments create favorable investment and trading conditions to attract export-oriented industries

service sector

The sector of the economy that provides services--such as health care, banking, and education--contrast to the sector that produces goods.

Deng Xiaoping

Communist Party leader who forced Chinese economic reforms after the death of Mao Zedong.

Mikhail Gorbachev

Head of the Soviet Union from 1985 to 1991. His liberalization effort improved relations with the West, but he lost power after his reforms led to the collapse of Communist governments in eastern Europe.

UN Universal Declaration of Human Rights

• International declaration of human right. this declaration was the first basic document to outline "human rights".it was passed by the united nations in 1948 and announced " a common standard of achievement for all people and nations".

Negritude

Literary movement in Africa; attempted to combat racial stereotypes of African culture; celebrated the beauty of black skin and African physique; associated with origins of African nationalist movements.

Cultural Revolution

Campaign in China ordered by Mao Zedong to purge the Communist Party of his opponents and instill revolutionary values in the younger generation.

Women's suffrage

Feminist movement to gain the right to vote

Megacities

cities with more than 10 million people

Labor migration

the movement of people from one country to another for employment

Cultural globalization

worldwide spread of similar norms, values, and practices

Apartheid

Laws (no longer in effect) in South Africa that physically separated different races into different geographic areas.

Greenpeace

an international organization that works for environmental conservation and the preservation of endangered species

Green Belt Movement

Kenyan movement focusing on preventing further deforestation.

World Fair Trade Organization

Creates rules for globalized capitalism

Reggae

A style of music that developed in Jamaica in the 1960s and is rooted in African, Caribbean, and American music, often dealing with social problems and religion.

Bollywood

Indian version of Hollywood (film industry), centered in Mumbai (formerly Bombay)

Social Media

any tool or service that uses the internet to facilitate conversations

Olympics

games held every four years

Weibo

Chinese Twitter; regulated by government

United Nations

An international organization formed after WWII to promote international peace, security, and cooperation.

Nelson Mandela

ANC leader imprisoned by Afrikaner regime; released in 1990 and elected as president of South Africa in 1994.

Kent State University

An Ohio university where National Guardsmen opened fire on students protesting the Vietnam War on May 4, 1970, wounding nine and killing four

Basque Homeland and Freedom

a terrorist organization organized in 1959 by student activists who were dissatisfied with the moderate nationalism of the traditional Basque party

Shining Path

a terrorist group formed in Peru in the late 1960s as a splinter group from the communist party of Peru

Antibiotic

a medicine used to save lives because it destroys harmful bacteria and cures infections

Birth control

Any method used to reduce births, including celibacy, delayed marriage, contraception; devices or medication that prevent implantation of fertilized zygotes, and induced abortions

Pandemic

Disease that occurs over a wide geographic area and affects a very high proportion of the population.

Smallpox

The overall deadliest known disease in the history of the world. In the 20th century alone there were approximately 500,000,000 people who died of this disease.

Malaria

A disease caused by mosquitoes implanting parasites in the blood.

Doctors Without Borders

non-governmental organization that helps people in war-torn regions and aids developing countries facing endemic disease.

Tuberculosis

An infectious disease that may affect almost all tissues of the body, especially the lungs

Cholera

an acute intestinal infection caused by ingestion of contaminated water or food

Deforestation

The removal of trees faster than forests can replace themselves.

Greenhouse gases

Gases such as carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, water vapor, and ozone in the atmosphere which are involved in the greenhouse effect.

Fossil fuels

Coal, oil, natural gas, and other fuels that are ancient remains of plants and animals.

Renewable energy

A resource that has a theoretically unlimited supply and is not depleted when used by humans.

Global warming

An increase in the average temperature of the earth's atmosphere (especially a sustained increase that causes climatic changes)

Carbon footprint

the total carbon dioxide emissions produced by an individual, group, or location

Economic liberalization

the process of limiting the power of the state over private property and market forces

Asian tigers

Collective name for South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Singapore-nations that became economic powers in the 1970s and 1980s.

Maquiladora

Factories built by US companies in Mexico near the US border to take advantage of much lower labor costs in Mexico.

Protective tariff

A tax on imported goods that raises the price of imports so people will buy domestic goods

Tiananmen Square

Site in Beijing where Chinese students and workers gathered to demand greater political openness in 1989. The demonstration was crushed by Chinese military with great loss of life.

Liberation Theology

a movement within the Catholic church to understand Christianity from the perspective of the poor and oppressed, with a focus on fighting injustice

Earth Day

A holiday conceived of by environmental activist and Senator Gaylord Nelson to encourage support for and increase awareness of environmental concerns; first celebrated on March 22, 1970

International Court of Justice

a court established to settle disputes between members of the United Nations

African National Congress

An organization dedicated to obtaining equal voting and civil rights for black inhabitants of South Africa. Founded in 1912 as the South African Native National Congress, it changed its name in 1923. Eventually brought greater equality.

World Cup

International soccer competition held by FIFA every 4 years between the 32 qualifying nations; the most watched event in the world.

Modernism

A cultural movement embracing human empowerment and rejecting traditionalism as outdated. Rationality, industry, and technology were cornerstones of progress and human achievement.

Anime

Japanese style of animation

Malala Yousafzai

A Pakistani activist for female education and the youngest-ever Nobel Prize laureate.

Ecotourism

the practice and business of recreational travel based on concern for the environment

Fair Trade

Alternative to international trade that emphasizes small businesses and worker owned and democratically run cooperatives and requires employers to pay workers fair wages, permit union organizing, and comply with minimum environmental and safety standards.

sustainable development

Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

Brexit

The British Exit from the European Union

Uighur

Muslim, Turkic-speaking ethnic group, bordering ex-Soviet Central Asian

Security Council

main organ within the UN responsible for maintaining peace and security; composed of 5 permanent and 10 rotating members with two year terms elected by the General Assembly

World Bank

A specialized agency of the United Nations that makes loans to countries for economic development, trade promotion, and debt consolidation. Its formal name is the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development.

World Food Program

world's largest humanitarian agency fighting hunger