biostats exam 5.2

hypothesis test

An assessment to determine if an observed sample parameter is different from a stated population parameter due solely to chance sampling variation?

null hypothesis

a statement or idea that can be falsified, or proved wrong

alternative hypothesis

The hypothesis that states there is a difference between two or more sets of data.

Test Statistic Formula

(Statistic - Parameter) / (Standard deviation of statistic)

statistically significant

an observed effect so large that it would rarely occur by chance

Type 1 error (alpha)

rejecting the null hypothesis when it is true (false positive)

Degrees of Freedom

The number of individual scores that can vary without changing the sample mean. Statistically written as 'N-1' where N represents the number of subjects.

Type 2 error

Accepting null hypothesis when you should have rejected it

One-tailed hypothesis

only one direction of an effect or relationship is predicted in the alternative hypothesis of the test

p

The probability that the observe test statistic occurred due to chance sampling variation

B

the amount of type 11 error