Microbiology Chapter 3 Bio-Rad

Prokaryote

A unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus and membrane bound organelles

Eukaryote

A cell that contains a nucleus and membrane bound organelles

gram positive

purple

gram negative

pink

Alexander Fleming

Discovered penicillin in 1928

Kirby-Bauer Test

The test to determine the efficacy of antibiotics or the antibiotic resistance of bacteria. Zone of Inhibition

Pencillin

antibiotic

petri dish

a shallow dish used to culture bacteria

aseptic

preventing infection; having a cleansing effect

Pathogen

a bacterium, virus, or other microorganism that can cause disease.

Black Plague/Bubonic Plague

the disease that killed a large part of the European population in the Medieval times

Archeabacteria

ancient bacteria; live in extreme conditions

Eubacteria

A kingdom that contains all prokaryotes except archaebacteria

Bacillis

rod shaped

Spirrilum

spiral shaped bacteria

Cocci

sphere shaped bacteria

Inoculation Loop

a metal rod with a small wire loop at the end, used as a swab

centrifuge tube

glass or plastic tube that holds samples within a centrifuge

conical tube

Tubes ideal for cell centrifugation.

Bunsen burner

used to heat substances

spectrophotometer

An instrument that measures the proportions of light of different wavelengths absorbed and transmitted by a pigment solution.

CFU

colony forming unit

streaking for isolation

the purpose of this procedure was to obtain isolated colonies

serial dilution

the process of diluting a sample several times

Optical Density (OD)

A numerical representation of the film's ability to transmit light. Measure how cloudy a concentration is. Determine cell concentration.

Transmitance

Amount of light sent through the sample

Absorbance

The amount of light absorbed by a sample

Koch's Postulates

series of guidelines used to identify the microorganism that causes a specific disease

Koch's second postulate

The suspected pathogen must be grown in pure culture

Koch's first postulate

The same pathogen must be present in every case of the disease

Koch's third postulate

The same disease must result when the isolated microorganism is inoculated into a healthy host

Koch's fourth postulate

The organism should be reisolated and shown to be the same as the original

Agar

Gelatin-type material derived from seaweed

Luria Broth (LB)

a nutritionally rich medium, is primarily used for the growth of bacteria

Louis Pasteur (1822-1895)

Developed a vaccine for rabies & anthrax.

microorganism

an organism that is microscopic in size, may exist as single cells or colony of cells (aka microbe)

Koch's Postulates

determine if microorganisms cause disease

Peptidoglycan

the compounds that build cell walls in gram positive and negative cell walls.

anaerobic

without oxygen

aerobic

occurring only in the presence of oxygen.

Microbiology

the study of microbes

Biosafety cabinet

Enclosed, ventilated lab workspace

Thermophiles

Type of bacteria found at Yellowstone National Park

Insulin

A medicine created using genetically modified bacteria.

Conjunction

Bacteria sexual reproduction

Eubacteria

true bacteria

Archaebacteria

considered ancient life forms that evolved separately from bacteria and blue-green algae

Ribosomes

Makes proteins

Plasmid

small, circular piece of DNA located in the cytoplasm of many bacteria

Pili

short, hairlike protein structures on the surface of some bacteria

Flagella

A long, whip-like filament that helps in cell motility. Many bacteria are flagellated, and sperm are flagellated.