Indigenous Societies

What factors contributed to the development of complex societies among Indigenous Americans?

Migration, adaptation to distinct climates, access to resources, trade, conflict, cooperation, and specialization.

Name two examples of Northwest Nations in Indigenous America.

Iroquois and Algonquin.

What resources did Northwest Nations primarily use?

Wood: longhouses, canoes, tools

Rivers/lakes: fishing and transportation.

What governance system is associated with the Iroquois Confederacy?

Confederacies and democratic governance.

What cultural artifact did the Iroquois use for storytelling and diplomacy?

Wampum belts.

Name an example of a nation from the Mississippi River Valley.

Cahokia or Mississippian Culture.

What agricultural products were cultivated in the Mississippi River Valley?

Maize (corn), beans, and squash.

What is a notable architectural feature of the Mississippi River Valley Nations?

Mound-building for ceremonies and elite residences.

What type of society was common among the Mississippi River Valley Nations?

Hierarchical societies with spiritual leaders.

Which nations are examples of the Atlantic Seaboard Nations?

Powhatan and Wampanoag.

What resources did the Atlantic Seaboard Nations utilize?

Coastal waters: fishing and shellfish

Forests: hunting and building materials.

What type of dwellings did Atlantic Seaboard Nations build?

Wigwams and longhouses.

What is a cultural characteristic of the Pacific Coast Nations?

Advanced woodworking and artistry.

Name three examples of Pacific Coast Nations.

Tlingit, Haida, Chinook

What resources were important to the Pacific Coast Nations?

Ocean resources: salmon, whales, sea otters

Cedar forests: totem poles, plank houses.

What is a key cultural aspect of the Southwest Nations?

Deep spiritual connection to land and sky.

Name three examples of Southwest Nations.

Hopi, Apache, Navajo.

What resources did Southwest Nations use for their dwellings?

Clay and stone for pueblos and pottery.

What skills were prominent among the Southwest Nations?

Weaving and silverwork.