The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

These flashcards cover the key vocabulary, important historical figures, political ideologies, and major events described in the 10th-grade history notes on The Rise of Nationalism in Europe.

Frederic Sorrieu

A French artist who in 1848 prepared a series of four prints visualizing his dream of a world made up of 'Democratic and Social Republics'.

Nation State

A country with well-defined boundaries, a population sharing a similar culture, history, and ethnic character, and a government of people's choice.

La Patrie

A concept introduced during the French Revolution meaning 'The Fatherland'.

Le Citoyen

A concept introduced during the French Revolution meaning 'The Citizen'.

Napoleonic Code (1804)

A set of laws that established equality before the law, secured the right to property, and abolished all privileges based on birth.

Serfdom

A system of bonded peasants that was abolished by Napoleon to liberate the peasantry.

Liberalism

A political and economic philosophy standing for individual freedom, equality before law, government by consent, and the removal of trade barriers.

Zollverein (1834)

A customs union formed under Prussia that removed tariff barriers and reduced the number of currencies from 30 to 2.

Conservatism

A political philosophy that aimed to preserve traditional institutions like the Monarchy, Church, social hierarchy, property, and family.

Congress of Vienna (1815)

A meeting attended by Britain, Russia, Prussia, and Austria, led by Duke Metternich, to restore monarchies and create buffer states around France.

Giuseppe Mazzini

An Italian revolutionary and member of the Carbonari who founded the secret societies 'Young Italy' and 'Young Europe'.

Duke Metternich

The Austrian Chancellor who hosted the Congress of Vienna and described Giuseppe Mazzini as 'the most dangerous enemy of our social order'.

July Revolution (1830)

A French revolution where the Bourbon King was overthrown and Louis Philippe was installed as a constitutional monarch.

Romanticism

A cultural movement that criticized reason and science, instead emphasizing human feelings, emotions, and folklore to promote nationalist sentiment.

Johann Gottfried Herder

A German philosopher who believed that true German culture (Volksgeist) was to be discovered among the ordinary people.

Frankfurt Parliament (1848)

An assembly of 831 elected representatives who met at St. Paul's church to draft a constitution for a united Germany under a constitutional monarchy.

Otto Von Bismarck

The Prime Minister of Prussia who followed the policy of 'Blood and Iron' to achieve the unification of Germany.

Count Cavour

The diplomatic Prime Minister of Sardinia-Piedmont who led the movement to unify Italy.

Garibaldi

A revolutionary who led the 'Red Shirt Army' to capture the Kingdom of Two Sicilies and the Papal States for Italian unification.

Act of Union (1707)

An agreement between England and Scotland that resulted in the formation of the 'United Kingdom of Great Britain'.

Allegory

The personification of a nation where an abstract idea like freedom or liberty is given a physical form, often as a female figure.

Marianne

The female allegory of France representing the Republic, characterized by the red cap, tricolour, and cockade.

Germania

The female allegory of the German nation who wears a crown of oak leaves representing heroism.

Imperialism

A policy where a powerful nation establishes control over another region or country through military force or territorial expansion.

Slavs

The name given to the inhabitants of the Balkan region, which included present-day Romania, Bulgaria, Greece, and Croatia.