Formation of Ions

when are ions made?

ions are made when electrons are transferred

what is an ion?

ions are charged particles, they can be single atoms or groups of atoms

when metals form ions what do they do?

they lose electrons from their outer shell to form positive ions

when non-metals form ions what do they do?

they gain electrons into their outer shell to form negative ions

which groups are most likely to form ions?

1, 2, 6 & 7

what type of elements are groups 1 & 2

metals

what type of elements are groups 6 & 7?

non-metals

are cations positive or negative?

positive

are anions positive or negative?

negative

what do elements in the same group have the same number of?

outer electrons

how does sodium form an ion?

loses 1 electron

which group is magnesium in?

group 2

how does magnesium form an ion?

loses 2 electrons

what group is chlorine in?

group 7

how does chlorine form an ion?

gains 1 electron

which group is oxygen in?

group 6

how does oxygen form an ion?

gains 2 electrons

Compounds

Formed when two or more atoms of different elements combine.

Valence electrons

Electrons in the outermost energy level (excited state)

Noble Gases

The least reactive of all known elements.

Octet Rule

The atom tends to have a stable arrangement of 8 electrons in outermost shell.

Electron dot structure (Lewis Structure)

A type of diagram used to keep track of the valence electrons,

Ions

To form compounds, atoms give up or take valence electrons to have a stable electron configuration. The atom then become _______.

Metals

Tend to form cations because they tend to lose electrons easily. Have low ionization energy: the energy needed to remove an electron from a neutral form

Hydrogen

______ may act as cation or anion

Non-metals

Tend to form anions because they easily gain electrons to gain stability. Have high electronegativity: the ability of an atom to attract electrons itself.

Shells

the main principal energy level