Chemistry atomic Structure

What are the different parts of an atom?

Proton, Electron, Neutron

How many different types of atoms are there?

118

What charge do protons have?

Positive

What do protons determine?

If elements are different and the Atomic Number

What charge do electrons have?

Negative

What is the smallest part of an atom?

Electrons

What speed do electrons move at?

Electric speed

What do electrons make?

The electron cloud around the atom

What do electrons pull towards to?

Protons

What is the pulling from electrons to protons called?

The Electric Force

What is the purpose of neutrons

"glue" that holds the nucleus together
needed to keep all of the protons from repelling one another

What charge do neutrons have

Neutral/No charge

Without neutrons

everything in an atom would fly apart

What is the force that neutrons have that keeps the atom together called?

The Strong Nuclear Force

What did Dalton theorize?

Each element is made of tiny indestructible atoms. Atoms of an element have the same mass. Atoms combine in whole-number ratios to make compounds. Atoms of a single element do not change into atoms of other elements.

What is the Cathode Ray Tube?

A glass tube with two electrodes attached to a battery. A ray with a high electrical force is shot out

What did JJ Thomson discover?

JJ Thomson discovered the electrons that floated with a positively charged sphere

What model did JJ Thomson use?

The Plum Pudding Model

What did Ernest Rutherford discover?

Nucleus and protons

How did Ernest Rutherford conduct his experiments?

He used alpha particles

What did James Chadwick discover?

Neutrons exist in the nucleus of atoms

What can the atomic number determine?

Protons and electrons

What are isotopes

Atoms with the same protons and electrons but different neutrons

What is natural abundance

The percent of an isotope is found in nature

How to calculate mass number?

Neutrons+protons

how to figure out the number of neutrons

Mass Number - Atomic Number

Positive ions

Cations

Negative ions

Anions

What happens during chemical changes

Atoms lose or gain electrons to form ions.

Who was the father of the Periodic table?

Dmetri Mendeleev

What did Dmetri Mendeleev do?

He organized the periodic table by grouping elements based on the similar properties

Where are metals on the periodic table

Elements left of the staircase

Properties of metals

Conduct electricity
Heats very well
Malleable and ductile
Often Shiny
tends to lose electrons in chemical reactions
Metals are cations

Where are non-metals on the periodic table

Elements right of but not touching the staircase

Properties of non-metals

Poor conductors
Usually gain electrons during a chemical reaction

What are metalloids?

between metals and nonmetals

Properties of Noble Gases

Unreactive
Doesn't combine with other elements
Non-metal

What are Halogens

Group 7A, very reactive, non-metal

Main Group/Group A metals during chemical reactions

Lose electrons to become cations

Main Group/Group A Non-metals during chemical reactions

gain electrons to make anions

How do you figure out the charge on group 1A, 2A, and 3A

Just look at the group number

How do you figure out the charge on non-metals?

Group number-8

What did Niels Bohr make?

The Bohr model

What is the formula for figuring out how many electrons are on each ring?

2n^2

How many electrons are on the first 4 rings?

1st Ring = 2 electrons
2nd Ring = 8 electrons
3rd Ring = 18 electrons
4th Ring = 32 electrons

What is an ion?

An atom with a charge

What experiment led Rutherford to discover the nucleus?

Gold Foil Experiment

Metals tend to form what type of ion?

Positive

What did J.J. Thomson find?

Electrons

What did Rutherford find?

Atoms have a dense, positively charged center known as the nucleus

What did Bohr find out?

Electrons orbit the nucleus in energy levels