Exploring Creation with Biology Module #3 Study Guide

Which of the following genera contain organisms with chloroplasts? Amoeba, Euglena, paramecium, Spirogyra

Euglena and Spirogyra

What is the function of a contractile vacuole?

A contractile vacuole collects excess water in a cell and releases it into the surroundings to reduce pressure inside the cell. This keeps the cell from exploding. The food vacuole, on the other hand, stores food while it is being digested and has nothing to do with excess water or pressure.

What is the difference between endoplasm and ectoplasm?

Endoplasm is thick. Ectoplasm is thin and watery.

The amoeba and euglena each have different means of locomotion. How are they different? How are they similar?

The amoeba uses pseudopods which it creates by deforming its body. The euglena, on the other hand uses a flagellum. There is one bit of similarity. When it wants to move quickly, the euglena deforms its body in an almost earthworm-like motion.

Name at least 3 pathogenic organisms from kingdom Protista.

Any three of the following are correct:
Entamoeba histolytica, Trypanosoma, Balantidium coli, Plasmodium, or Toxoplasma.

For each of the phyla below, list the means of locomotion employed by the organisms in that phyla:
Sarcodina, Mastigophora, Ciliophora

Sarcodina: pseudopods, Mastigophora: Flagella, Ciliophora: cilia

What are the main features that separate organisms into phylum Sporozoa?

These organisms form spores as a natural part of their life cycle and have no real means of locomotion.

A tapeworm is a parasite that feeds on the nutrients which the host eats, depriving the host of that nutrition. Trichonympha is a mastigophorite that lives in the gut of a termite, helping break down chemicals that the termite cannot break down on its own. Name the specific kind of symbiosis in each of these situations.

Trichonympha is an example of mutualism (because both benefit from the situation). The tapeworm is an example of parasitism (only the tapeworm benefits).

Why do the ciliates have two nuclei (plural of nucleus)? What is the purpose of each?

Ciliates require so much energy that they must have a nucleus (called the macronucleus) devoted solely to metabolism. The other, smaller nucleus (the micronucleus) controls reproduction.

What is the difference between the conjugation that occurs between paramecia and the conjugation that occurs between bacteria?

In conjugation between paramecia, there is a mutual exchange of DNA so that each paramecium gets new DNA. When bacteria conjugate, only one bacterium (the recipient) gets new DNA.

Two microorganism groups are studied. In the first group, the organisms form hard shells around themselves when exposed to life-threatening conditions. If not exposed to those conditions these organisms never form hard shells. The second group form hard shells around themselves as a natural part of their life cycle. Which group would be classified as coming from Sporozoa?

Second group

What is unique about the way a euglena obtains food?

It can either live on the dead remains of other organisms or it can produce its own food by photosynthesis.

Which phylum contains the organisms responsible for most of the photosynthesis that occurs on earth? (See list on page 96.) What generic term is used to refer to these organisms?

Phylum Chrysophyta contains the diatoms.

What is the main function of the food vacuole? To what phylum would an organism with this organelle belong? (You only need to name one.) See the list on page 96 for help.

To store food; Sarcodina, Mastigophora or Ciliophora

What is the main function of the contractile vacuole? To what phylum would an organism with this organelle belong? (You only need to name one.) See the list on page 96 for help.

to remove excess water, reducing pressure; Sarcodina, Mastigophora, or Ciliophora

What is the main function of the flagellum? To what phylum would an organism with this organelle belong? (You only need to name one.) See the list on page 96 for help.

locomotion; Mastigophora or Pyrrophyta

What is the main function of the pellicle? To what phylum would an organism with this organelle belong? (You only need to name one.) See the list on page 96 for help.

retains cell shape; Mastigophora or Ciliophora

What is the main function of the chloroplast? To what phylum would an organism with this organelle belong? (You only need to name one.) See the list on page 96 for help.

stores chlorophyll; Chlorophyta or Mastigophora

What is the main function of the eyespot? To what phylum would an organism with this organelle belong? (You only need to name one.) See the list on page 96 for help.

detects light; Mastigophora

What is the main function of the cilia? To what phylum would an organism with this organelle belong? (You only need to name one.) See the list on page 96 for help.

locomotion; Ciliophora

What is the main function of the nucleus? To what phylum would an organism with this organelle belong? (You only need to name one.) See the list on page 96 for help.

contains DNA; all phyla in Protista

What is the main function of the oral groove? To what phylum would an organism with this organelle belong? (You only need to name one.) See the list on page 96 for help.

food intake and conjugation; Ciliophora

What are large deposits of diatom remains called? List two uses of these deposits.

Diatomaceous earth; used as abrasives and filters

What is a red tide?

An algae bloom of dinoflagellates

What two phyla principally contain macroscopic algae?

Phaeophyta and Rhodophyta

What substance produced by members of phylum Phaeophyta is useful for thickening ice cream, pudding, salad dressing, and jelly beans?

alginic acid (you could just say align)

Entamoeba histolytica

Causes Dysentery

Trypanosoma

Causes African sleeping sickness

Balantidium Coli

Causes dysentery

Plasmodium

Causes malaria

Toxoplasm

Causes toxoplasmosis