Islamic Education: Quran Recitation and Teaching Methods Flashcards

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering the terminology of Quranic recitation, tajwid rules, and traditional teaching methods based on the 10th-grade Anadolu Imam Hatip High School curriculum.

Tajwid (Tajweed)

The science that aims to pronounce letters according to their exit points (makhraj) and attributes, and to provide the skill of reciting the Quran according to its rules.

Mahreç (Makhraj)

Technically refers to the specific region in the mouth or throat where the sound of a letter originates; literally means "exit place."

Hareke

The marks (fetha/superior, kesra/inferior, damme/otre) that allow constant Arabic letters to be sounded as vowels.

Cezm (Sukun)

A special sign placed above letters to indicate they should be read without a vowel (sakin) and connected to the previous letter.

Şedde (Shaddah)

A sign placed over a letter to indicate it should be read twice, the first time as a sakin (quiet) letter and the second with a vowel.

Med

The process of extending or stretching the sound of a letter; the letters of extension are elif, vav, and ya.

Vakf

The act of stopping both the voice and breath at the end of a word during recitation with the intention of continuing.

Vasl

Literally meaning to connect or join, it is the act of reading a word by connecting it to the next without breaking the sound or breath.

İbtida

The starting of recitation for the first time or resuming recitation after a stop (Vakf).

Secavend Marks

Punctuation signs used in the Mushaf to help readers know where to stop, slow down, or continue, originally developed by Muhammed b. Tayfur es-Secâvendî.

Secde Ayeti

Specifically selected verses in the Quran (there are $14$ in total) that require the reader and listener to perform a prostration (Tilavet Secdesi).

Cüz

One of the thirty sections into which the Quran is divided, typically averaging $20$ pages each.

Hizb

A sub-division of a Cüz, representing one-fourth of it, usually consisting of $5$ pages.

Tertil (Tahkik)

The slowest and most distinct mode of recitation, focusing on the rights of each letter and applying tajwid rules perfectly.

Tedvir

Reciting the Quran at a medium speed, between the slow pace of Tertil and the fast pace of Hadr.

Hadr

The fastest standard mode of recitation while still strictly adhering to all tajwid rules.

Lahn

Incorrect reading of the Quran due to errors in letter attributes, tajwid violations, or neglect of vowel marks.

Lahn-i Celî

Clear and obvious errors in word structure, such as changing letters or vowels, which are considered prohibited to commit intentionally.

Lahn-i Hafî

Subtle errors that do not change the word's structure but involve tajwid rules like incomplete nasalization (gunne) or incorrect lengthening (med).

Fem-i Muhsin

Literally meaning "excellent mouth," referring to an expert teacher who knows the intricacies of tajwid and possesses perfect recitation skills.

Tilavet

Reciting the Quran according to its rules with the added dimension of understanding its meaning and following its guidance.

Kıraat

The science of the various methods of reciting the Quranic text as established through authentic narrations from the Prophet and his companions.

Kâri

A person who recites the Quran and knows the specific qualities and subtleties of Quranic utterances.

Ashere

The teaching method encompassing the recitation styles of the ten major Imams of Kıraat.

Râvî

An expert narrator who transmits the specific recitation style of a Kıraat Imam.

Sema Method

A teaching method based on the student carefully listening to and observing the teacher’s recitation.

Arz Method

A teaching method where the student recites what they have learned or memorized back to the teacher for correction.

Eda

Fulfilling the rights of letters during recitation and repeating the words exactly as taught by the teacher.

Tefekkür

Deeply thinking and reflecting on the flow and ultimate purpose of an action or message.

Tedebbür

Thinking ahead about the outcomes and consequences of a matter in order to take appropriate measures.

Mushaf

The physical written collection of the Quranic text between two covers.

Tevhit (Tawhid)

The fundamental Islamic belief in the absolute oneness of Allah and the rejection of all partners to Him.

Hikmet

Knowledge that leads to correct belief, right actions, and staying truthful in both words and deeds.

Tashih-i Hurûf

The method of practicing letters to ensure they are pronounced correctly according to their makhraj and attributes.