English Civil War & the Glorious Revolution and Industrial Revolution Flashcards

Flashcards covering the English Civil War, Glorious Revolution, Industrial Revolution, and Political Institutions of the UK.

What event led to the execution of King Charles I?

The English Civil War.

What type of government was established in England after the execution of Charles I?

A republic, followed by a military dictatorship.

What event restored the monarchy in England?

The Restoration.

Why did Parliament despise James II?

Unspecified in notes.

Who were crowned as a result of the Glorious Revolution?

William & Mary.

What document was established after the Glorious Revolution?

The Bill of Rights.

What are three historical influences resulting from the English Civil War and Glorious Revolution?

The power of Parliament, rights of individuals, and dominance of the House of Commons.

What new social classes emerged during the Industrial Revolution?

Industrialists and industrial workers.

What legislative body is mentioned in the notes in relation to democracy in England?

House of commons.

What was the electorate percentage prior to the Great Reform Act of 1832?

Like 5%.

What political party was created after the Great Reform Act of 1832?

The Labour Party.

What is meant by fusion of powers in the UK government?

All members of cabinets are in the legislature.

What is the cabinet also known as?

"The Government".

Who is the head of government in the UK?

The Prime Minister.

Who is the head of state in the UK?

The Monarch.

What is the doctrine of Collective Responsibility?

The cabinet is unified in its decisions

What powers does the House of Lords have?

Debate, delay--but not much else.

What is the function of the bureaucracy (Whitehall)?

Implementing the law.

What is Common Law?

Courts of appeal write their decisions.

What is the principle of 'precedent' in the UK judicial system?

Courts will follow prior decisions.

What does devolution mean in the context of the UK government?

Parliament can delegate power to regional governments.

How many members of parliament are in the House of Commons?

650

How many members of parliament are in the House of Lords?

800

Does the UK have judicial review?

No.

What does "The Government" refer to?

PM & the cabinet.

What are parliament members in the majority party but not in "the govt" called?

Backbenchers.

What is a 'no confidence vote'?

When the majority party loses a major vote: Parliament is dissolved, and new elections are held.

What is "The Loyal Opposition"?

The largest minority party.

What is the Shadow cabinet?

The minority party leader mirrors party in power.

What is the Magna Carta?

Signified a move from an absolute monarchy to a limited one.

In the context of the Magna Carta, what is an absolute monarch?

Does not share power and is not limited by the constitution.

What rights were originally protected by the Magna Carta?

Noble rights.

How was Parliament established?

Nobles had to agree to be taxed; later, Parliament assumed law-making powers.

What was the Protestant Reformation?

Henry VIII created a new religion (Anglicanism) to divorce his wife.

What is 'Noblesse oblige'?

Upper class would care for the lower class.

What are examples of a 'Social Safety Net'?

Retirement pensions, unemployment benefits, and healthcare benefits.

What were some of Margaret Thatcher's policies?

Cut welfare, reduce union power, and more capitalist/neoliberal economy.

What was unique about Tony Blair's "New Labour" party?

Supports capitalism and is centrist, appealing to the middle class.

What events influenced the "New Conservative" party?

2008 Recession - Austerity (reducing benefits), Brexit around 2015 and the Pandemic 2021.

What is the term used to describe the UK regime evolution?

"Gradualism".