Chapter 7: Energy for Cells

Cellular Respiration

Produces ATP molecules for energy

Regulates oxygen and glucose; produces carbon dioxide and water.

• reason you breath and reverse of photosynthesis.

Oxidation

Removal of hydrogen atoms.

C6H12O6 to 6CO2

Reduction

Addition of hydrogen atoms.

6O2 to CH2O

Where does Glycosis, Energy Investment steps, Energy Harvesting Steps, & Fermentation Occur?

Outside of Mitochondria

Where does Preparatory reactions, citric acid cycle, electron transport chain and ATP synthase occur?

Inside Mitochondria

Glycosis

In eukaryotes, takes place in the cytoplasm

Glucose is broken down into two molecules of pyruvate.

Energy investment steps and Energy Harvesting Steps

Energy Investment Steps

two ATP transfer phosphates to glucose.

activated them for next stepsE

Energy Harvesting Steps

Substrate level ATP synthesis produces 4 ATP.

Net gain of two ATP

Two NADH made

Fermentation

anaerobic break down of glucose

generates 2 ATP

Animal Cells

Pyruvate reduced to lactate

Preparatory Reaction

occurs in mitochondrial matrix

produces a substrate that enters the citric acid cycle.

NAD+ to NADH

Citric Acid Cycle

Occurs in matrix

NAD+ to NADH and FAD to FADH2

2 Cycles for each glucose molecule.

Electron Transport Chain

in cristae mitochondria

NADH and FADH2 deliver electrons.

ATP Synthase

carried out by ATP synthase in inner mitochondria membrane

uses energy to make ATP.