CHAPTER 4: SOMATIC SYMPTOPM AND RELATED DISORDERS, DISSOCIATIVE DISORDERS | Cla

Somatic Symptom Disorder

Thoughts/urge of having physical symptoms/sick; do not feel the urgency to take action but continuously feel ill/sick.

2 or more symptoms for more than 6 months

When can it be diagnosed as Somatic Symptom Disorder?

1. Stressful life events

2. Disease in the family

3. Social Influence

Causes of Somatic Symptom Disorder

Illness Anxiety Disorder

Was “hypochondriasis” ; severe anxiety on the possibility of having/developing a serious disease, always seek medical attention and opinion

4 symptoms for more than 6 months

When can it be diagnosed as Illness Anxiety Disorder?

1. Social and Interpersonal Influences

2. Disease in the Family

Causes of Illness Anxiety Disorder

1. CBT

2. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor

3. Explanatory Therapy

Treatment for Illness Anxiety Disorder

Conversion Disorder (Functional Neurological Symptom Disorder)

Physical malfunctioning (paralysis, blindness, difficulty speaking). Unexpected neurological disease cause for the symptoms is rarely found at follow-up.

Presence of more than 1 symptoms

When can it be diagnosed as Conversion Disorder?

1. Traumatic Event

2. Abuses

3. Parental Divorces

4. Vulnerabilites

Causes of Conversion Disorder

Factitious Disorder

Faking sickness to gain medical attention, assume sick role to receive increased attention.

Presence of more than 2 events of falsification

When can it be diagnosed as Factitious Disorder

1. Traumatic event

2. Abuse

3. Social and culture influences

Causes of Factitious Disorder

1. CBT Programs

2. Identifying Stressful life events

Treatment for Factitious Disorder

Malingering

Refers to producing false medical symptoms or exaggerating existing symptoms in hopes of being rewarded in some way—fake sickness to avoid responsibility

Factitious Disorder by Proxy

When the faking is imposed by a parent or other person. (Ginagamit ka as a way to fake)

Factitious Disorder Imposed on Self

When faking is imposed to the self.

Depersonalization

Your perception alters so that you temporarily lose the sense of your own reality, as if you are in a dream watching yourself (out of oneself, detachment or being outside observer of the self)

1. Perceptual alterations

2. Distorted sense of time

3. Unreal/absent self

4. Emotional and or physical numbing

Example of Depersonalization

Derealization

Your sense of external world is lost; things may seem to change shape or size; people may seem dead or mechanical (unreality or detachment with respect to surroundings)

Individuals/objects are experienced as unreal, dreamlike, foggy, lifeless or visually distorted

16 years old but can start early/middle childhood

Onset of Depersonalization/Derealization Disorder

FALSE

T or F: Depersonalization/Derealization Disorder is normal for 40 years old

Dissociative Amnesia

Inability to recall important autobiographical information.

1. General Amnesia

2. Localized or Selective Amnesia

3. Psychogenic Amnesia

4. Biogenic Amnesia

Kinds of Amnesia

General Amnesia

Unable to remember anything lifelong

Localized or Selective Amnesia

Failure to recall specific events, usually traumatic that occur during a specific period

Psychogenic Amnesia

Memory loss due to psychological cause

Biogenic Amnesia

Due to biological factorrs (tumors, accidents, etc)

Dissociative Fugue

Memory loss revolves around a specific incident, an unexpected trip; individuals just take off and later find themselves in a new place; unable to remember why and how they got there.

Dissociative Identity Disorder

Disorder tend to last a lifetime in absence of treatment; creating multiple alter personality. Adopt as many as more or less 100 new identities.

1. Physical sexual abuse

2. Severe life stress

3. Vulnerabilities

4. Neurological Disorders

Causes of DID

Repression

DID is greatly caused by this defense mechanism

Host Identity

Owner of the body with DID who asks for treatment; developed later.

Switch

Transitioning from one personality to another

Child and Bad Girl/Boy Personality State

Individuals with DID always have these personality states

Help patient visualize and relieve or reenact aspects of that trauma for them to remember some memories than the current.

Treatment for DID