space physics

satellite

any object that orbits a celestial body i.e star or planet

natural satellite

have formed naturally

i.e moon, earth and comets

artificial satellites

man made

i.e orbiting telescopes, rockets, communication

what is the central star

sun

planets

mercury

venus

earth

mars

jupiter

saturn

uranus

neptune

what do the 8 planets do

orbit the sun- natural satellites

asteroids

made of rock and metal found on asteroid belt

comet

ice an dust

more elliptical orbits

elliptical shape

galaxy

collections of billions of stars that have their own solar systems

i.e Milky Way

what force hold stars together

gravity

universe

scattered with galaxies and mostly empt space

what is the asteroid belt

a region of our solar system that contains millions of asteroids

it is in between mars and Jupiter

nebula

a large cloud of dust and gaswha

what pulls the gas and dust in a nebula together to form a protostar

attraction of gravity

what happens when a protostar grows in size

attracts more particles from he surrounding nebula

becomes more dense

temp increases

nuclear fusion could initiate

once nuclear fusion starts in a protostar, what does it become

a main sequence star

explain why the forces are balanced acting on the sun

The energy released from nuclear fusion creates an outward pressure that balances against the inward pressure from gravity.

what stage of stars life is the sun currently in

mai sequence star

what could a main sequence star become

red giant

red super giant

what does main sequence star make when it fuses together hydrogen

helium

up to which element can red giants/super giants form with nuclear fusion

iron

what are elements heavier than iron formed by

supernovasw

what occurs next after small/medium stars swell then cool

red giants form

what occurs next after really big stars swell

become red supergiants

what does red giant form when it becomes unstable and expels outer layers

white dwarf

white dwarf

hot dense solid core

what forms after white dwarf gets cooler and emits all of its energy

forms black dwarf- no longer has enough energy to emit life

what happens when a red super giant has more nuclear fusion and expands

explodes into supernovae

elements in supernova

forms elements heavier than iron and these are ejected across universe

what occurs if the star was just very big after supernova explosion

condenses into very dense core called neutron star

what occurs if the star was absolutely massive after supernova explosion

star collapses in on itself and becomes a black hole

gravity is able to pull in any light that passes nearby- no light

life cycle of star

dust and gas

protostar

main sequence star

red giant-white dwarf-black dwarf

red supergiant-supernova-neutron star-black hole

orbit

the curved path of one celestial object or spacecraft around another celestial object

what can be said about the speed for circular orbits

stays the same but force of gravity pulls in constantly meaning direction is changing constantly so constantly changing velocity

therefore it is accelerating wha

what is the force that keeps an object moving in a circle

centripetal force

smaller objects orbit means

faster the object is travelling in order to keep a stable orbit

what law is this "An object travelling at a certain velocity will continue to travel at that velocity unless acted upon by a resultant force."

newtons first law

what arrow shows direction of instantaneous velocity

A- as it is the direction that the moon will be travelling

what arrow shows force of gravity

B-as it shows the moons weight

What is required for the object to stay in orbit?

The magnitude of the velocity must increase

speed of light in vacuum

3×10^8

absorption spectra

sun emits light at all wavelengths

elements in sounds atmosphere absorb wavelengths of light spectra to that element

removes those wavelength from spectra so appear as black lines

blue light open absorption spectra has

shorter wavelength

higher frequency

red light on absorption spectra has

longer wavelength

lower frequency

blue shift

when star moves towards us, wavelength of light decreases and shifts towards blue end of spectrum

red shift

Red-shift occurs because the light emitted by an object moving away from us will be stretched.

The stretching causes the light's wavelength to increase.

The faster an object moves away from us, the larger the red shift.

what is wavelength measured in

nano metres wh

which galaxies appear to be moving away fastest- greater red shift

furthest away galaxies

big band theory

universe was initially an infinitely small, dense point which exploded and expanded

give one strength and weakness of this model representing idea of expanding universe

strength-as balloon expands, dots get further apart which represents galaxies moving apart

weakness-dots are only on surface of balloon, whereas galaxies are throughout universe