Rad Procedures Ch 1 Powerpoint part 1

a radiographer is a

rad tech who administers ioninzing radiation to perform radiographic procedures

ALARA

as low as reasonably achieveable

radiographers perform or assist with

patient care activities

select radiographic procedures

initial image observations

advanced radiographer titles

radiologist assistant (RA)

radiology practicioner assistant (RPA)

Patient Care Bullet Points

communication

assessment

monitoring

support

patient consent to procedure

ensure patient safety

quality of care

scope of practice

ASRT stands for

american society of radiologic technologists

what does the ASRT do ?

defines the practice of radiography

describes education and certification

standards, quality, performance

ARRT stands for

american registry of radiologic technologists

what does the arrt dO?

creates and maintains standards of ethics for rad techs code and rules

what is ethics

moral responsibility and science of appropriate conduct toward others

ARRT code of ethics consists of ___ statements that serve as a ________________ for RTs

10

professional behavior guide

there are ____ rules of ethics

22

22 rules of ethics consist of

mandatory standards and enforceable

exam room

keep room clean and stocked- linens, contrast, ancillary equipment

standard control of pathogen contamination practices

hand hygiene

PPE

respiratory hygiene cough etiquette

appropriate placement

most effective and efficient method to control spread of microorganisms

handwashing

protect IR from

body fluids

clean IRs and equipment

regularly

how often should rad techs wash hands?

before and after each patient

in contact with blood / body fluids

before invasive procedures

radiographer patient care basic things

greet patient

introduct self

explain procedure

show caring

never rush patient

when touching patients be firm but gentle

make sure patient has fingers on table at all times- can pinch

always use two _____ after grabbing a patient

patient identifiers

if notice any abnormalities the rad tech should

note and relay to radiologist

3 types of motion

involuntary

voluntary

equipment

what does motion do to images

ruins quality

involuntary motion causes

heartbeat

chills

peristalsis

tremor

spasm

pain

primary control for involuntary motion

use short exposure time

voluntary motion causes

nervousness

discomfort

excitability

mental illness

fear

age

breathing

control voluntary motion

radiographer gives→

clear instructions

provides patient comfort

adjusts support devices

applies immobilization

when patients are not cooperating the best way to control voluntary motion is

decrease exposure time

image receptors definition

device that receives energy of the x ray beam and forms the image of the body part

types of image receptors

solid state digital detectors

photostimulable storage phosphor image plate PSP or IP

fluoroscopic image receptor

cassette with film

cassette with film

PSP image plate

solid state digital detector

tethered DR

wireless DR

fluoroscopic IR

positioning aids are used to

ensure a body part remains in the appropriate posture during exposure

Grids reduce

scattered radiation to the IR

compensating filters make the image

have uniform brightness even though there is different thickness and density in the tissues

accessory equipment

positioning aids

grids

compensating filters

order of steps for a radiographic procedure vary by

anatomy of interest

patient condition

type of equipment available

department protocol

what is a compensating filter

attenuating device that produces images with even density when the structures vary in thickness

without using a compensating filter

images would require two exposures or be suboptimal quality

certain filters also

decrease skin entrance exposure by absorption of low energy photons

what is a photon?

tiny particle that makes up light and all other forms of electromagnetic energy - x rays

filter shapes

wedge

trough

ferlic

boomerang

wedge

most common

simple

used on body parts that vary in thickness along the axis

compensating filters

compensating filters

trough

collimator mounted aluminum filter

used for thoracic spine AP

boomerang contact filter

boomerang contact filter is used for

shoulder and facial bone AP projections

ferlic compensating filter

ferlic compensating filter is used for

AP and PA oblique scapular Y shoulder projections

physical principles of a filter

shape

composition

placement

what are filters made of

aluminum+high density plastics are most common

Clear-Pb

silicone rubber

aluminum filters

block light when placed between tube and patient

make positioning more challenging

must complete positioning before mounting filter to collimator

clear-Pb

clear leaded plastic allows light to shine through

heavy

filter placement categories

collimator mounted

contact

contact filters may be placed

on patient or between patient and IR

when a contact filter is placed on a patient the filter

decreases skin entrance exposure

what do filters do?

reduce extra exposures to image body parts of varying thickness

when to use a wedge filter

t-spine

foot

upright ap abdomen

when to use a trough filter

parts that are thick on the edges and thinner in the center

PA AP chest

ferlic swimmers filter improves

quality of lateral projection of cervicothoracic spine and axiolateral hip

what filters are used with digital fluoroscopy ?

convex and concave cone shaped filters

what filters are used with CT ?

bow tie shaped filters

cautions when using filters

extra care x ray tube is over the patient

use both hands

compensating filters improve _______ ______ by providing ____ ____ on body parts of varying tissue thickness

image quality

even density (brightness)

2 ways exposure is reduced

eliminate need for 2 separate images

many absorb low energy radiation

kVp

kilovolt peak

mA

millimaperage

mA x Time =

mAs

conditions that require a decrease in exposure technique

old age

pneumothorax

emphysema

emaciation

degenerative arthritis

atrophy

technique charts

in every room+ mobile machine

specify projections performed

include exposure factor for each projection

primary factors in exposure technique

mAs

kVp

AECs

SID

patient or part thickness

grid

CR/DR exposure indicators

IR/collimated field dimensions

electrical supply characteristics

recent research has concluded that gonadal shielding can

negatively impact exam efficacy